2.10 Securing
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Statutory Documents - IMO Publications and Documents - International Codes - 2011 TDC Code – Code of Safe Practice for Ships Carrying Timber Deck Cargoes, 2011 – Resolution A.1048(27) - Part A – Operational Requirements - Chapter 2 – General Recommendations on Stowage and Securing of Timber Deck Cargoes - 2.10 Securing

2.10 Securing

  2.10.1 One or more of the following principal methods may be used to secure timber deck cargoes, by themselves or in combination with each other:

  • .1 different types of lashing arrangements;

  • .2 bottom blocking of the base tier in combination with lashing arrangements;

  • .3 blocking over the full height of the cargo by, e.g. uprights alternatively complemented by lashing arrangements;

  • .4 frictional securing, taking into account scientific research and appropriate weather and voyage criteria; and

  • .5 other practical securing enhancement, (taking into account appropriate weather and voyage criteria), such as:

    • .1 non slip paints on hatch covers;

    • .2 liberal use of dunnage in the stow to shore and bridge gaps;

    • .3 double lashing in exposed areas; and

    • .4 consideration given to the use of locking tiers.

  2.10.2 Securing arrangements used should be designed in accordance with Part B and documented in accordance with section 2.13 of this Code.

Parent topic: Chapter 2 – General Recommendations on Stowage and Securing of Timber Deck Cargoes

Lashings

  2.10.3 Different lashing arrangements are described in Part B of this Code.

  2.10.4 The following three types of lashing equipment with different strength and elongation characteristics are most frequently used for securing timber deck cargoes. Individual suitability should be determined by such factors as ship type, size and area of operation, and as described in this Code and as prescribed in the cargo securing manual:

  • .1 chain lashings;

  • .2 wire lashings; and

  • .3 fabricated web lashings.

Figure 2.1 Examples of different types of lashing equipment

 Open hooks, which may loosen if the lashing becomes slack, should not be used in securing arrangements for timber deck cargoes. Web lashing should not be used in combination with chain or wire lashing.

  2.10.5 The appropriate safety factors for the different types of equipment are described in Annex 13 to the Code of Safe Practice for Cargo Stowage and Securing (CSS Code).

  2.10.6 All lashing equipment should be visually examined according to the instruction in the cargo securing manual before use and only equipment fit for purpose should be used for securing of timber deck cargoes.

  2.10.7 The necessary pre-tension in the lashings used should be maintained throughout the voyage. It is of paramount importance that all lashings be carefully examined and tightened at the beginning of the voyage as the vibration and working of the ship will cause the cargo to settle and compact. They should be further examined at regular intervals during the voyage and tightened as necessary.

  2.10.8 Entries of all examinations and adjustments to lashings should be made in the ship's logbook.

  2.10.9 Slip hooks or other appropriate methods may be used for quick and safe adjustment of lashings. Pelican hooks, when used, should be moused.

  2.10.10 Corner protectors should be used to prevent lashings from cutting into the cargo and to protect lashings from sharp corners. The latter especially applies to fabricated web lashings.

  2.10.11 Every lashing should be provided with a tightening device or system so placed that it can safely and efficiently operate when required.

Uprights

  2.10.12 Uprights should be fitted when required by this Code and as prescribed in the ship's cargo securing manual in accordance with the nature, height or character of the timber deck cargo. They should be designed in accordance with the criteria in chapter 7 of this Code and fitted in accordance with the ship's cargo securing manual. If there is an operational limit of the uprights (in terms of wave heights) this should be indicated in the ship's Cargo Securing Manual.

  2.10.13 The uprights should be well fastened to the deck, hatches or coamings of the vessel (where adequate strength exists) and restrained from falling inwards during loading and discharging operations.

Lashing arrangements

  2.10.14 In order to achieve a more secure stowage of logs when stowed on deck hog wires may be utilized. Such hog wire should be installed in the following manner:

  • .1 At approximately three quarters of the height of the stow, the hog wire should be rove through a padeye attached to the uprights at this level so as to run transversely, connecting the respective port and starboard uprights. The hog lashing wire should not be too tight when laid so that it becomes taut when overstowed with other logs.

  • .2 A second hog wire may be applied in a similar manner if the height of the hatch cover is less than 2 m. Such second hog wire should be installed approximately 1 m above the hatch covers.

  • .3 The aim of having the hog wires applied in this manner is to assist in obtaining as even a tension as possible throughout, thus producing an inboard pull on the respective uprights.

Figure 2.2 Example of hog lashings

  2.10.15 In addition to uprights and hog lashings, an arrangement with top-over and continuous wiggle lashings (wiggle wires), as shown in the following figures, may be utilized at each hatch meeting the specifications of chapter 5.

Figure 2.3 Example of wiggle lashings

Fgure 2.4 Example of an arrangement with hog, top-over and wiggle lashings*

Figure 2.5 Example of an arrangement with top-over lashings and stoppers footnote

Figure 2.6 Example of chain top over lashings for a log cargo

  2.10.16 If a wiggle wire is not fitted, then extra chain or chain/wire combination overlashings should be fitted instead, as described in 5.4.1.

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