During in-service periods, anti-fouling coatings on ships' hulls often become
damaged. The extent of damage varies between ships and damaged areas can be
visually recognized. Typically, damage can be restricted to localized areas,
e.g. anchor chain damage (bow region), fender damage (vertical sides of hull),
ʺrust through areasʺ (underlying rust causing coating failure), or in some
cases can be in smaller areas scattered over larger areas of the hull (usually
older ships where over-coating of the original system has taken place many
times).