4.1.1 To avoid certification testing of every
engine for compliance with the NOx emission limits, one
of two approval concepts may be adopted, namely the engine family
or the engine group concept.
4.1.2 The engine family concept may be applied
to any series-produced engines that, through their design are proven
to have similar NOx emission characteristics, are used
as produced and, during installation on board, require no adjustments
or modifications that could adversely affect the NOx emissions.
4.1.3 The engine group concept may be applied
to a smaller series of engines produced for similar engine application
and that require minor adjustments and modifications during installation
or in service on board.
4.1.4 Initially the engine manufacturer may, at
its discretion, determine whether engines should be covered by the
engine family or engine group concept. In general, the type of application
shall be based on whether the engines will be modified, and to what
extent, after testing on a test bed.