6.1 In the context of these Guidelines, associated
protective measures for PSSAs are limited to actions that are to be,
or have been, approved or adopted by IMO and include the following
options:
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6.1.1 designation of an area as a Special Area under
MARPOL Annexes I, II, IV or V, or an emission control area under MARPOL Annex VI, or application of special discharge restrictions to vessels
operating in a PSSA. Procedures and criteria for the designation of Special Areas
are contained in the 2013 Guidelines for the Designation of Special Areas under
MARPOL, set forth in the annex to resolution A.1087(28). Criteria and procedures for the
designation of emission control areas are contained in Appendix 3
to MARPOL Annex VI;
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6.1.2 adoption of ships’ routeing and reporting
systems near or in the area, under the International Convention for
the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) and in
accordance with the General Provisions on Ships’ Routeing and
the Guidelines and Criteria for Ship Reporting Systems. For example,
a PSSA may be designated as an area to be avoided or it may be protected
by other ships’ routeing or reporting systems; and
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6.1.3 development and adoption of other measures
aimed at protecting specific sea areas against environmental damage
from ships, provided that they have an identified legal basis.
6.2 Consideration should also be given to the
potential for the area to be listed on the World Heritage List, declared
a Biosphere Reserve, or included on a list of areas of international,
regional, or national importance, or if the area is already the subject
of such international, regional, or national conservation action or
agreements.
6.3 In some circumstances, a proposed PSSA may
include within its boundaries a buffer zone, in other words, an area
contiguous to the site-specific feature (core area) for which specific
protection from shipping is sought. However, the need for such a buffer
zone should be justified in terms of how it would directly contribute
to the adequate protection of the core area.