Clasification Society Rulefinder 2022 - Version 9.36
Statutory Documents - IMO Publications and Documents - Resolutions - Assembly - IMO Resolution A.818(19) – Performance Standards for Shipborne Loran-C and Chayka Receivers – (Adopted on 23 November 1995) - Annex - Recommendation on Performance Standards for Shipborne Loran-C and Chayka Receivers |
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Annex - Recommendation on Performance Standards for Shipborne Loran-C and Chayka Receivers1 Introduction1.1 The Loran-C and Chayka systems are long-range radionavigation systems, operating at an assigned frequency of 100 kHz, utilizing pulses with known group repetition intervals from spaced transmitting stations. Lines of position are determined by the measurement of the differences in the time of arrival of these pulses. 1.2 Receivers for the Loran-C or Chayka system, or both, intended for navigational purposes on ships with maximum speeds not exceeding 35 knots should, in addition to the general requirements contained in resolution A.694(17), comply with the following minimum performance requirements. 1.3 The equipment should comply with these standards within 7.5 min of being switched on. 1.4 Definitions of terms used in these performance standards are given in section 8. 2 Performance Standards for the Reception of Loran-C and Chayka Signals2.1 The receiver should be capable of taking measurements of time differences, and of calculating and displaying the current position estimate. The processing should be such that the combined timing accuracy of each time difference used in the navigation solution is better than 0.3 μs. 2.2 The receiver, together with its antenna, should have the capability of fully automatic acquisition of the signals, cycle selection and tracking. The receiver should allow, but not require, operator assistance to acquire the secondaries. 2.3 The receiver, together with its antenna, should be capable of providing the combined timing accuracy specified in 2.1 under the following conditions:
3 Interference Protection3.1 The receiver should meet the requirements of these standards:
3.2 The receiver should meet the timing accuracy and lock-on requirements of these standards in the presence of cross-rate interference at a level as high as the strongest Loran-C or Chayka signal being used. 3.3 The receiver should distinguish between signals received by ground or sky waves in the service area and should lock on in the presence of skywave interference having delays from 37.5 μs to 60 μs, with strengths of 12 dB to 26 dB respectively, both delays and strengths being measured relative to the groundwave signal. 4 Processing4.1 The operator should be able to override any automatic selection of chains or stations. 4.2 Maximum time to lock-on should not exceed 7.5 min under any of the conditions specified in sections 2 and 3. It should be possible to select those secondaries which are to be locked and tracked. 4.3 The receiver, together with its antenna, should conform to these standards when subject to ship motion of roll, pitch and yaw under the following conditions:
5 Display of Positional Information5.1 The receiver should be capable of displaying time difference measurements and may allow the display of geographical positions calculated from time difference measurements. 5.2 A receiver should be capable of displaying at least two time differences selected by an operator, either sequentially or simultaneously, with the following facilities:
6 Warning DevicesWarnings should be provided to indicate that:
7 Ancillary EquipmentLoran-C and Chayka receivers may be fitted with outputs to allow the connection of peripheral equipment. Data from these outputs should be in digital form and should comply with Publication IEC 1162. 8 Definitions8.1 Group repetition interval (GRI) The GRI designates the particular chain to which the receiver is adjusted. The four-digit numerical designation from 4,000 to 9,999 is the time in tens of microseconds between successive Master group transmissions; e.g. Loran-C chain 9,930 repeats its transmissions at intervals of 99,300 μs. 8.2 Time difference (TD) Time difference is the difference between the arrival times of the signal from two specified stations. 8.3 Envelope-to-cycle difference (ECD) Envelope-to-cycle difference is the time relationship between the phase of a Loran-C or Chayka carrier and the time origin of the envelope waveform. Zero envelope-to-cycle difference is defined as the signal condition occurring when the 30 μs point of the Loran-C or Chayka pulse envelope is in time coincidence with the third positive zero crossing of the 100 kHz carrier. 8.4 Loran-C or Chayka signal level For the purpose of this standard, the level of a Loran-C or Chayka signal is the root-mean-square (RMS) level of a carrier wave (CW) signal having the same peak-to-peak amplitude as the Loran-C or Chayka pulse envelope 25 μs after the beginning of the pulse. The 25 μs point is referred to as the standard sampling point (SSP). 8.5 Lock-on A receiver has completed lock-on when it has acquired, and is tracking, the signals of the selected stations. Lock-on time is the interval between the time that the receivers are switched on, or the selected chain or stations are changed, and the time that lock-on is achieved. The lock-on time does not include any time required to tune notch filters. 8.6 Combined timing accuracy Root sum of squares of mean and standard deviation of the time difference error. 8.7 Noise level For the purpose of performance specification and testing, the noise is considered to have a uniform spectral density prior to filtering. It should be filtered by a single resonator LC filter having a centre frequency of 100 kHz and a 3 dB bandwidth of 30 kHz feeding a load of 50 ohms. The defined noise level is the true RMS level measured at the filter output. 8.8 Near synchronous interference Interference by a carrier with a frequency difference from the nearest spectral line within the bandwidth of any post-sampling averaging or filtering process. |
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