2.2.1 Grubs and larvae of insects and other species
can infest cargo, as well as packaging, dunnage, etc., associated
with the cargo, at any stage during harvesting, manufacture, processing,
storage, packing or transport. These can spoil foodstuffs, textiles,
leather goods, furniture, art and antiques, affect electronic equipment,
contaminate sterile goods or deface consumer packaging or labelling,
making the goods unfit for sale and therefore valueless.
2.2.2 Insect and mite pests of plant and animal
products may be carried into the cargo transport unit with goods (introduced
infestation); they may move from one kind of product to another (cross-infestation)
and may remain to attack subsequent cargoes (residual infestation).
Their control may be required to comply with phyto-sanitary requirements
to prevent spread of pests and for commercial reasons to prevent infestation
and contamination of, or damage to, cargoes of human and animal food.