NOTING that scientific studies and investigations by Governments
and competent international organizations have shown that certain
anti-fouling systems used on ships pose a substantial risk of toxicity
and other chronic impacts to ecologically and economically important
marine organisms and also that human health may be harmed as a result
of the consumption of affected seafood,
NOTING IN PARTICULAR the serious concern regarding anti-fouling
systems that use organotin compounds as biocides and being convinced
that the introduction of such organotins into the environment must
be phased-out,
RECALLING that Chapter 17 of Agenda 21 adopted by the United
Nations Conference on Environment and Development, 1992, calls upon
States to take measures to reduce pollution caused by organotin compounds
used in anti-fouling systems,
RECALLING ALSO that resolution
A.895(21), adopted by the Assembly of the International Maritime
Organization on 25 November 1999, urges the Organization's Marine
Environment Protection Committee (MEPC) to work towards the expeditious
development of a global legally binding instrument to address the
harmful effects of anti-fouling systems as a matter of urgency,
MINDFUL OF the precautionary approach set out in Principle
15 of the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development and referred
to in resolution MEPC.67(37) adopted by MEPC on 15 September 1995,
RECOGNIZING the importance of protecting the marine environment
and human health from adverse effects of anti-fouling systems,
RECOGNIZING ALSO that the use of anti-fouling systems to
prevent the build-up of organisms on the surface of ships is of critical
importance to efficient commerce, shipping and impeding the spread
of harmful aquatic organisms and pathogens,
RECOGNIZING FURTHER the need to continue to develop anti-fouling
systems which are effective and environmentally safe and to promote
the substitution of harmful systems by less harmful systems or preferably
harmless systems,