1 Purpose and scope
The purpose of these criteria is to provide provisions for revenue and crew seats, seat
anchorages and seat accessories and their installation to minimize the possibility of
occupant injury and/or disruption of egress/ingress if the craft suffers a collision.
2 Static seat tests
2.1 The provisions of this paragraph are applicable for crew and revenue seats in craft
having a design collision load of less than 3g.
2.2 All seats to which this paragraph applies, along with their supports and deck
attachments, should be designed to withstand at least the following static forces
applied in the direction of the craft:
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.1 forward direction: a force of 2.25 kN;
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.2 after direction: a force of 1.5 kN;
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.3 transverse direction: a force of 1.5 kN;
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.4 vertically downward: a force of 2.25 kN; and
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.5 vertically upward: a force of 1.5 kN.
If these forces are applied in the fore or aft direction of the seat, they should be
applied horizontally to the seat back 350 mm above the seat bottom. If the forces are
applied in the transverse seat direction, they should be applied horizontally to the
seat bottom. Vertical upward forces should be evenly distributed to the corners of the
seat bottom frame. Vertical downward forces should be uniformly distributed over the
seat bottom. If a seating unit consists of more than one seating position, these forces
should be applied at each seating position concurrently during the tests.
2.3 When the forces are applied to a seat, consideration should be given to the
direction in which the seat is to face in the craft.
2.4 Each seating unit to be tested should be attached to the support structure similar
to the manner in which it will be attached to the deck structure in the craft. Although
a rigid support structure can be used for these tests, a support structure, having the
same strength and stiffness as the support structure in the craft, is preferred.
2.5 The forces described in 2.2.1 to 2.2.3 above should be applied to the seat through a
cylindrical surface having a radius of 82 mm and a width at least equal to the width of
the seat. The surface should be equipped with at least one force transducer able to
measure the forces specified.
2.6 The seat should be considered acceptable if:
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.1 under the influence of the forces referred to in 2.2.1 to 2.2.3 above, the
permanent displacement measured at the point of application of the force is not
more than 400 mm;
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.2 no part of the seat, the seat mountings or the accessories become completely
detached during the tests;
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.3 the seat remains firmly held, even if one or more of the anchorages is partly
detached, and all of the locking systems remain locked during the whole duration
of the test (adjustment and locking systems need not be operational after the
tests); and
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.4 rigid parts of the seat with which the occupant may come into contact should
present a curved surface with a radius of at least 5 mm.
2.7 The provisions of section 3 below may be used in lieu of the provisions of this
section provided that the accelerations used for the tests are at least 3 g.
3 Dynamic seat tests
3.1 For all seats, the seat supporting structure, the attachment to the deck structure,
the lap belt, if installed, and shoulder harness, if installed, should be designed to
withstand the maximum acceleration force that can be imposed upon them during a design
collision. Consideration should be given to the orientation of the seat relative to the
acceleration force (i.e. whether the seat is forward-, or aft-facing).
3.2 The acceleration pulse to which the seat is subjected should be representative of
the collision time-history of the craft. If the collision time-history is not known or
cannot be simulated, the acceleration time-history envelope shown in the figure below
can be used.
3.3 In the test frame, each seat unit and its accessories (e.g. lap belts and shoulder
harnesses) should be attached to the support structure similar to the manner in which it
will be attached to the deck structure in the craft. The support structure can be a
rigid surface; however, a support structure having the same strength and stiffness as
the support structure in the craft is preferred. Other seats and/or tables with which an
occupant may come in contact during a collision should be included in the test frame in
an orientation and with a method of attachment typical of that in the craft.
3.4 During the dynamic seat test, a fiftieth percentile anthropomorphic
test dummy, corresponding to the Hybrid II or Hybrid III (preferred) human surrogate
(unless a more advanced test dummy is available), should be placed in the seat in an
upright seating position. If a typical seating unit is composed of more than one
occupant seat, a test dummy should be placed in each occupant seat in the unit. The
dummy, or dummies, should be secured in the seat unit in accordance with procedures of
recognized national standardsfootnote and be secured using only the lap belt and shoulder harness
if they are installed. Tray tables and other such devices should be placed in the
position that would cause the greatest potential for an occupant to become injured.
![](GUID-6E289257-D1B9-4AFC-8C23-798C068FF77D-low.png)
Figure - Acceleration time-history envelope
3.5 The test dummy should be instrumented and calibrated, in accordance with the
requirements of a recognized national standard, so as to permit calculation of the head
injury criterion, calculation of the thoracic trauma index, measurement of force in the
femur, and measurement, if possible, of extension and flexion of the neck, measurement
of the maximum relative pelvis acceleration, and measurement of the maximum pelvis load
in the direction of the spine.
3.6 If more than one dummy is used in the tests, the dummy located in the seat having
the highest potential for an occupant to be injured should be the one instrumented. The
other dummy or dummies need not be instrumented.
3.7 The tests should be conducted and the instrumentation should be sampled at a rate
sufficient to reliably show response of the dummy in accordance with the requirements of
a recognized national standard.
3.8 The seat unit tested in accordance with the provisions of this section should be
considered acceptable if:
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.1 The seat unit and tables installed in the seat unit or area do not
become dislodged from the supporting deck structure and do not deform in a manner
that would cause the occupant to become trapped or injured.
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.2 The lap belt should remain attached on the test dummy's pelvis
during the impact. The shoulder harness, if installed, remains attached and in the
immediate vicinity of the test dummy's shoulder during the impact. After the
impact, the release mechanisms should be operative.
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.3 The following acceptability criteria are met:
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.1 the head injury criterion (HIC), calculated in accordance
with the formula below, does not exceed 500
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![](svgobject/313F-4FF8-AF0A-A7CB05EBDE1C.xml_d3982537e681.png)
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.2 the thoracic trauma index (TTI), calculated in accordance
with the formula below, does not exceed 30 g except for periods totalling
less than 3 ms
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.3 neck flexion does not exceed 88 Nm, if measured;
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.4 neck extension does not exceed 48 Nm, if measured; and
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.5 the force in the femur does not exceed 10 kN, except that it
cannot exceed 8 kN for periods totalling more than 20 ms.
.4 Loads on the upper torso harness straps do not exceed 7.8 kN or a total of 8.9 kN if
dual straps are used.