4.1 Goal
The goal of this chapter is to ensure that the necessary assessments of the risks
involved are carried out in order to eliminate or mitigate any adverse effect to the
persons on board, the environment or the ship.
LR 4.1-01 Where the risks cannot be eliminated, an inherently
safer design is to be sought in preference to operational or procedural controls and
this is to be consistent with 2.3.3. This is to focus on engineered prevention of
failure, that is, a minimised number of connections, increased reliability and
redundancy. Where this cannot be achieved or is insufficient, protection of
occupants is to focus on:
(a) firstly, passive means, such as physical barriers, separation and
absence of ignition sources; and
(b) secondly, active means, such as detection, isolation, ventilation and
extinguishment.
Both passive and active means may be required to demonstrate an
appropriate level of safety.
4.2 Risk assessment
4.2.1 A risk assessment shall be conducted to ensure that risks arising
from the use of low-flashpoint fuels affecting persons on board, the environment,
the structural strength or the integrity of the ship are addressed. Consideration
shall be given to the hazards associated with physical layout, operation and
maintenance, following any reasonably foreseeable failure.
LR 4.2-01 The risk assessment is to be undertaken and documented
in accordance with LR’s ShipRight Procedure for Risk Based Certification
(RBC). Consideration of hazards is to include fuel and inert gas tanks,
machinery and equipment, and the specific location of accommodation and cargo.
4.2.2 For ships to which part A-1 applies, the risk assessment required
by 4.2.1 need only be conducted where explicitly required by paragraphs 5.10.5,
5.12.3, 6.4.1.1, 6.4.15.4.7.2, 8.3.1.1, 13.4.1, 13.7 and 15.8.1.10 as well as by
paragraphs 4.4 and 6.8 of the annex.
LR 4.2-02 To comply with 4.2.2 the risk assessment for ships to
which part A-1 applies is to be undertaken and documented in accordance with LR’s
ShipRight Procedure for Risk Based Certification (RBC).
4.2.3 The risks shall be analysed using acceptable and recognized risk analysis
techniques, and loss of function, component damage, fire, explosion and electric
shock shall as a minimum be considered. The analysis shall ensure that risks are
eliminated wherever possible. Risks which cannot be eliminated shall be mitigated as
necessary. Details of risks, and the means by which they are mitigated, shall be
documented to the satisfaction of the Administration.
4.3 Limitation of explosion consequences
An explosion in any space containing any potential sources of
release
footnote and potential ignition sources shall not:
- .1 cause damage to or disrupt the proper functioning of
equipment/systems located in any space other than that in which the incident
occurs;
- .2 damage the ship in such a way that flooding of water below
the main deck or any progressive flooding occur;
- .3 damage work areas or accommodation in such a way that
persons who stay in such areas under normal operating conditions are
injured;
- .4 disrupt the proper functioning of control stations and
switchboard rooms necessary for power distribution;
- .5 damage life-saving equipment or associated launching
arrangements;
- .6 disrupt the proper functioning of firefighting equipment
located outside the explosion-damaged space;
- .7 affect other areas of the ship in such a way that chain
reactions involving, inter alia, cargo, gas and bunker oil may arise;
or
- .8 prevent persons access to life-saving appliances or impede
escape routes.