4 Training, Education and Information

  4.1 These guidelines are intended to address governments, shipowners, ship operators, ships' crews, cargo owners, port reception facility operators and equipment manufacturers as sources of pollution of the sea by garbage. Accordingly, governments should develop and undertake training, education and public information programmes suited for all seafaring communities under their jurisdiction, prepared and presented in such a way that they communicate with that segment of the community.

  4.2 Governments may exchange and maintain information relevant to compliance, non-compliance and information on legal proceedings for violations with Annex V regulations through the Organization. Governments are encouraged to provide the Organization with the following:

• .1 technical information on shipboard garbage management methods such as minimization, recovery, recycling, reuse, incineration, compaction, separation, sorting and sanitation system, packaging and provisioning methods;

• .2 educational materials developed to raise the level of compliance with Annex V. This includes printed materials (e.g. placards, posters, brochures, etc.), photographs, DVDs, audio and video tapes, and films as well as synopses of training programmes, seminars and formal curricula; and

• .3 information and reports on the nature and extent of garbage from shipping found along beaches and in coastal waters under their respective jurisdictions. In order to assess the effectiveness of Annex V, these studies should provide details on amounts, distribution, sources and impacts of garbage from shipping.

  4.3 Governments are encouraged to amend their maritime certification examinations and requirements, as appropriate, to include a knowledge of duties imposed by national and international law regarding the control of pollution of the sea by garbage.

  4.4 Placards required by regulation 10.1 should contain a summary declaration stating the prohibition and restrictions for discharging garbage from ships under MARPOL Annex V and the possible penalties for failure to comply. Governments are encouraged to develop appropriate placards for use by every ship of their registry of more than 12 metres in length overall and fixed and floating platforms. (Sample placards targeting crew and shipboard operations; fixed or floating platforms and ships operating within 500 metres of such platforms; and passengers are shown in figures 1, 2 and 3.)

  4.4.1 The declaration should be placed on a placard at least 12.5 cm by 20 cm, made of durable material and fixed in conspicuous and prominent places on board the ship. Placards should also be replaced when damage or wear compromises the readability of the declaration.

  4.4.2 The placards should also be placed in prominent places where crew will be working and living, and in areas where bins are placed for collection of garbage. These places include galley spaces, mess room(s), wardroom, bridge, main deck and other areas of the ship, as appropriate. The placards should be displayed at line of sight height and be printed in the working language of the crew. Ships which operate internationally will also have placards printed in English, French or Spanish, in accordance with regulation 10.1.2 of MARPOL Annex V.

  4.4.3 Where the ship carries passengers, placards also should be placed in prominent places where passengers are accommodated and congregate. These include cabins, all deck areas for recreational purposes open to passengers.

  4.5 Governments should ensure that appropriate education and training in respect of MARPOL is included in the training programmes leading to STCW and STCW-F certification.

  4.6 Governments are encouraged to have maritime colleges and technical institutes under their jurisdiction develop or augment curricula to include both the legal duties as well as the technical options available to professional seafarers for handling ship-generated garbage. These curricula should also include information on environmental and ecological impacts of garbage. A list of suggested topics to be included in the curriculum is provided below:

• .1 garbage in the marine environment, sources, methods for prevention of release of garbage to the environment and impacts on the environment;

• .2 national and international laws relating to, or impinging upon shipboard waste management;

• .3 health and sanitation considerations related to the storage, handling and transfer of ship-generated garbage;

• .4 current technology for onboard and shoreside^footnoteprocessing of ship generated garbage; and

• .5 provisioning options, materials and procedures to minimize the generation of garbage aboard ships.

  4.7 Professional associations and societies of ship officers, engineers, naval architects, shipowners and managers, and seafarers are encouraged to ensure their members' competency regarding the handling of ship-generated garbage.

  4.8 Ship and reception facility operators should establish detailed training programmes for personnel operating and maintaining ships garbage reception or processing equipment. It is suggested that the programme include instruction on what constitutes garbage and the applicable regulation for handling and disposing of it. Such training should be reviewed annually and updated as appropriate.

  4.9 Generalized public information programmes are needed to provide information to non-professional seafarers, and others concerned with the health and stability of the marine environment, regarding the impacts of garbage at sea. Governments and involved commercial organizations are encouraged to utilize the Organization's library and to exchange resources and materials, as appropriate, to initiate internal and external public awareness programmes.

  4.9.1 Methods for delivering this information include radio and television, articles in periodicals and trade journals, voluntary public projects such as beach clean-up days and adopt-a-beach programmes, public statements by high government officials, posters, brochures, social media, conferences and symposia, cooperative research and development, voluntary product labelling and teaching materials for public schools.

  4.9.2 Audiences include recreational sailors and fishermen, port and terminal operators, coastal communities, ship supply industries, shipbuilders, garbage management industries, plastic manufacturers and fabricators, trade associations, educators and governments.

  4.9.3 The subjects addressed in these programmes are recommended to include the relevant domestic and international law; options for handling garbage at sea and upon return to shore; known sources and types of garbage; impacts of plastics on marine life and ship operations; the accumulation of garbage in the world's oceans and seas impacts on coastal tourist trade; current actions by governments, intergovernmental organizations, non-governmental organizations and sources of further information.