4.9.1 Units should be provided with an efficient
pumping system capable of ballasting and deballasting any ballast
tank under normal operating and transit conditions. Alternatively,
Administrations may permit controlled gravity ballasting.
4.9.2 The ballast system should provide the capability
to bring the unit, while in an intact condition, from the maximum
normal operating draught to a severe storm draught, or to a greater
distance, as may be specified by the Administration, within 3 hours.
4.9.3 The ballast system should be arranged to
provide at least two independent pumps so that the system remains
operational in the event of failure of anyone such pump. The pumps
provided need not be dedicated ballast pumps, but should be readily
available for such use at all times.
4.9.4 The ballast system should be capable of
operating after the damage specified in 3.5.10 and have the capability
of restoring the unit to a level trim and safe draught condition without
taking on additional ballast, with any one pump inoperable. The Administration
may permit counter-flooding as an operational procedure.
4.9.5 The ballast system should be arranged and
operated so as to prevent inadvertent transfer of ballast water from
one tank or hull to another, which could result in moment shifts leading
to excessive angles of heel or trim.
4.9.6 It should be possible to supply each ballast
pump required by 4.9.3 from the emergency source of power. The arrangements
should be such that the system is capable of restoring the unit from
an inclination specified in 4.1.4.1 to a level trim and safe draught
condition after loss of any single component in the power supply system.
4.9.7 All ballast pipes should be of steel or
other suitable material having properties acceptable to the Administration.
Special consideration should be given to the design of ballast lines
passing through ballast tanks, taking into account effects of corrosion
or other deterioration.
4.9.8 All valves and operating controls should
be clearly marked to identify the function they serve. Means should
be provided locally to indicate whether a valve is open or closed.
4.9.9 Air pipes should be provided on each ballast
tank sufficient in number and crosssectional area to permit the efficient
operation of the ballast pumping system under the conditions referred
to in 4.9.1 to 4.9.9. In order to allow deballasting of the ballast
tanks intended to be used to bring the unit back to normal draught
and to ensure no inclination after damage, air pipe openings for these
tanks should be above the worst damage waterline specified in chapter
3. Such air pipes should be positioned outside the extent of damage,
as defined in chapter 3.