8 Launching and Embarkation Appliances
Clasification Society 2024 - Version 9.40
Statutory Documents - IMO Publications and Documents - Resolutions - Maritime Safety Committee - Resolution MSC.81(70) - Revised Recommendation on Testing of Life-Saving Appliances - (adopted on 11 December 1998) - Annex - Revised Recommendation on Testing of Life-Saving Appliances - Part 1 - Prototype Test for Life-Saving Appliances - 8 Launching and Embarkation Appliances

8 Launching and Embarkation Appliances

8.1 Testing of davits and launching appliances

  8.1.1 For lifeboats other than free-fall lifeboats, davits and launching appliances, except winches, should be subjected to a static proof load of 2.2 times their maximum working load. With the load at the full outboard position, the load should be swung through an arc of approximately 10° to each side of vertical in the intended fore and aft plane. The test should be done first in the upright position, followed by tests simulating a shipboard condition of list of 20° both inboard and outboard. There should be no evidence of significant deformation or other damage as a result of this test. For free-fall lifeboats, the launching appliances for lowering a free-fall lifeboat by falls, except winches, should be subjected to a static proof load of 2.2 times the maximum working load at the full outboard position. The launching ramp and its connection to the release mechanism should be subjected to a static proof load of 2.2 times the maximum working load. There should be no evidence of significant deformation or other damage as a result of this test.

  8.1.2 For lifeboats other than free-fall lifeboats, a mass equal to 1.1 times the maximum working load should be suspended from the lifting points with the launching appliance in the upright position. The load should be moved from the full inboard to the full outboard position using the means of operation that is used on the ship. The test should be repeated with the launching appliance positioned to simulate a combined 20° inboard list and 10° trim. All the tests should be repeated with a mass equal to that of a fully equipped lifeboat, without persons, or the lightest survival craft intended for use with the davit to ensure the satisfactory functioning of the davit under very light load conditions. The appliance should successfully lower the load under all of the conditions, and there should be no evidence of significant deformation or other damage as a result of the tests. For free-fall lifeboats, a mass equal to 1.1 times the maximum working load should be suspended from the lifting points. The load should be moved from the full inboard to the full outboard position using the means of operation that is to be used on the ship. The test should be repeated with a mass equal to that of the fully equipped lifeboat, without persons, to ensure the satisfactory functioning of the appliance under light load conditions. The appliance should successfully lower the load under both conditions and there should be no evidence of significant deformation or other damage as a result of the tests.

  8.1.3 A mass equal to 1.1 times the maximum working load should be suspended from the lifting points with the launching appliance in the upright position. The load should be moved from the full inboard to the full outboard position using the means of operation that is used on the ship. The appliance should successfully move the maximum designed hoisting load from the outboard to the inboard position without causing permanent deformation or other damage.

  8.1.4 Winch drums should be wound to the maximum number of turns permitted and a static test load of 1.5 times the maximum working load should be applied and held by the brake. This load should then be lowered for at least one complete revolution of the barrel shaft. A test load of 1.1 times the maximum working load should then be lowered at maximum lowering speed through a distance of at least 3 m and stopped by applying the hand brake sharply. For a lifeboat or rescue boat launching appliance, the test load should drop not more than 1 m when the brake is applied. For a fast rescue boat launching appliance, the test load should come to a rapid, but gradual stop, and the dynamical force induced in the wire should not exceed 0.5 times the working load of the launching appliance. This test should be repeated a number of times. If the winch design incorporates an exposed brake, one of these tests should be carried out with the brake wetted, but in this case the stopping distance may be exceeded. The various tests should achieve a cumulative lowering distance of at least 150 m. Operation of the winch with a load of a mass equal to that of a fully equipped lifeboat, without persons, or the lightest survival craft intended for use with the winch, should also be demonstrated.

  8.1.5 It should be demonstrated that a winch intended for use with a rescue boat is capable of recovering the rescue boat with the number of persons for which it is to be approved and its equipment or an equivalent mass at a rate of not less than 0.3 m/s or 0.8 m/s in the case of a launching appliance for a fast rescue boat.

  8.1.6 The hand operation of the winch should be demonstrated. If the winch is designed for quick recovery by hand with no load, this should be demonstrated with a load of 1.5 times the mass of the empty lifting arrangements.footnote

  8.1.7 Following completion of the tests the winch should be stripped for inspection. These tests and the inspection should normally be witnessed by a representative of the Administration.

  8.1.8 The fast rescue boat launching appliance should be demonstrated in a sea state associated with a force 6 wind on the Beaufort scale, in association with a significant wave height of at least 3 m. The test should include launching and recovery of a fast rescue boat and demonstrate:

  • .1 satisfactory operation of the device to dampen forces and oscillations due to interaction with the waves;

  • .2 satisfactory operation of the winch brake; and

  • .3 satisfactory operation of the tensioning device.

8.2 Davit-launched liferaft automatic release hook test

Definitions

  8.2.1 In this section and in 6.2.1 to 6.2.7 of part 2, the following definitions apply:

  • .1 Actuating force means the force required to set the actuating mechanism.

  • .2 Actuating mechanism means the mechanism which, when operated, allows the liferaft to be released automatically.

  • .3 Automatic release mechanism means the mechanism which opens the hook automatically to release the liferaft.

  • .4 Hook means a hook to be used for the launching of liferafts which can be activated to automatically release the liferaft when it is waterborne.

  • .5 Load limit for automatic release means the minimum load at which the automatic release mechanism opens the hook and automatically and completely releases the liferaft.

  • .6 Manual release force means the force required at the actuating mechanism to release the hook manually.

  • .7 Safe working load means the load for which the hook is to be approved.

  • .8 Securing force means the force required to close the hook manually.

  • .9 Testing establishment means an establishment accepted by the Administration having the equipment and the qualifications necessary for the testing and approval of liferaft release hooks.

Hook and documents required for tests

  8.2.2 The following should be submitted to the testing establishment for the prototype testing of the hook:

  • .1 two hooks which have been passed for delivery; and

  • .2 a functional description of the hook together with any other documents necessary to carry out the tests.

Corrosion resistance test

  8.2.3 Two hooks should be submitted to a corrosion resistance test which should be made in a salt mist chamber in accordance with ISO 9227:2006 – Corrosion tests in artificial atmospheres – Salt spray tests for 1,000 h or equivalent national standard. Any corrosion effects and other damage to the hooks should be recorded.

  8.2.4 Both hooks should then be subjected five times to the tests required by 8.2.5 to 8.2.17.

Load test

  8.2.5 The maximum load on the hook to allow for automatic release loads should be determined as follows:

  • .1 the hook should be loaded with a mass of 200 kg and the actuating mechanism set;

  • .2 the load should be reduced gradually in stages until the hook releases automatically, but at not more than 30 kg, to establish load F; and

  • .3 the load F should be measured and recorded. The minimum allowable load F is the minimum obtained at release which should be not less than 5 kg.

  8.2.6 The hook should be loaded with a mass of 200 kg and the actuating mechanism set. The hook should then be subjected to cyclic loading between 30 kg and 200 kg using a frequency of 1 ± 0.2 Hz. The hook should not release before 300 cycles. The number of cycles at which the hook opened or whether the test was discontinued at 300 cycles should be recorded.

  8.2.7 The hook should then be reloaded to 200 kg and the actuating mechanism set. The hook should be subjected to a cyclic loading, the upper limit of which is +200 kg, and the lower limit being F1 using a frequency of 1 ± 0.2 Hz. The automatic release mechanism should operate within three cycles. The number of cycles at which the hook opened or whether the test was discontinued after three cycles should be recorded. F1 is to be taken as the minimum load on the hook to allow for automatic release, as established in 8.2.5.2, reduced by 2 kg.

  8.2.8 The hook should be attached to a short wire rope fall, approximately 1.5 m, and loaded with a mass of 10 kg. The weight should be secured and then lifted 1 m. From this position it should be released to perform a free fall before it is abruptly stopped by the wire rope fall. The hook should not release as a result of this test.

  8.2.9 The automatic release hook should be attached to a test load equal to 1.1 times the safe working load, with the actuating mechanism in the locked position. The load should be raised to a height of at least 6 m and then be lowered at a speed of 0.6 m/s. When the load is 1.5 m above the ground or water surface, the actuating mechanism should be set for automatic release, and the lowering completed. The automatic release hook should release the load when it strikes the ground or water surface. The test should be repeated with a test load equal to 2.2 times the safe working load.

  8.2.10 The automatic release hook should be attached to a test load of 1.1 times its maximum working load using an approved launching appliance. The test load should be lowered at maximum lowering speed through a distance of at least 3 m and stopped by applying the hand brake sharply. This test should be conducted twice, once with the release mechanism set for automatic release, and again with the mechanism set to closed. The release mechanism should not open in either test.

  8.2.11 The hook should be loaded to 0, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of the safe working load of the hook. At each load level, the actuating force required at the actuating mechanism should be measured and recorded. The actuating force should be between 150 and 250 N if the hook is lanyard-operated, or the action required to set the actuating mechanism should be readily performed by a single person without difficulty.

  8.2.12 The securing force, which should be less than 120 N, should be determined with an unloaded hook and should be recorded.

  8.2.13 The manual release force should be determined as follows:

  • .1 the hook should be loaded with a mass of 150 kg;

  • .2 the actuating mechanism should be set;

  • .3 the force required to release the hook manually should be established and recorded; and

  • .4 the manual release force for a mass of 150 kg on the hook should be at least 600 N for lanyard-operated designs. Alternative designs should be demonstrated to the satisfaction of the Administration to provide adequate protection from inadvertent release under load.

  8.2.14 The automatic release hook should be attached to a test load equal to the mass of the lightest liferaft for which the automatic release hook is to be approved, with the actuating mechanism in the locked position (i.e. not set for automatic release). The load should then be raised so that it is clear of the ground. The actuating mechanism should be set to automatic release. This should be easily accomplished by a single person and should not release the load.

  8.2.15 The hook should be released 100 times without failure by each of its modes of release using the maximum load permitting release for that mode. It should then be disassembled and the parts examined. There should be no evidence of excessive wear on any part.

  8.2.16 The hook should be arranged in a cold store at -30°C to simulate operational readiness and loaded with 25kg. A 3.5 cm thick uniform of layer of icing should be built onto it by spraying cold fresh water from angles above 45° from horizontal, with intermittent pauses to let icing form. The hook should then be actuated and as a result release the hold without failure.

  8.2.17 It should be demonstrated that the hook is not damaged as a result of 10 impacts at a horizontal speed of 3.5m/s on to a structure resembling a vertical ship's side. As far as practical all sides of the hook, especially areas with exposed controls, should impact the structure. The hook should not sustain any damage which will interfere with the normal function of the hook.

Compatibility of liferaft and release hook

  8.2.18 Where automatic release hooks are supplied for use with liferafts made by different manufacturers, operational tests with each type and size of lifting or attachment fitting used by the different manufacturers of the liferafts should be carried out before the particular combination of liferaft and release hook is accepted by the Administration.


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