6.1.1 Some of the problems associated with ship
recycling might be addressed at the design and construction stage,
not only in relation to the ships themselves but also in respect of
ships' equipment. The first step is to identify any potentially hazardous
materials which might be incorporated, as a matter of routine, in
the structure of ships and their equipment (see Section 4) and, where practicable, consider
using less hazardous alternatives.
6.1.2 The second step is to minimize hazardous
materials generated during the operating life of a ship and at the
end of a ship's life. Shipbuilders should already be aware of the
need to minimize emissions and hazardous wastes to a level as low
as reasonably achievable.
6.1.3 The initial stages might include an evaluation
of:
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.1 the type, amount and potential hazard of materials
utilized and their location on board a ship;
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.2 the activities expected during the operation
of the ship and any potentially hazardous wastes which might be generated;
and
-
.3 the feasibility of addressing the potential
for hazardous waste generation by considering:
-
.1 product reformulation - installing components
utilizing less potentially hazardous materials;
-
.2 cleaner production technologies - which generate
less wastes;
-
.3 process modification - to generate less waste;
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.4 input substitution - utilizing less potentially
hazardous consumables or those which generate less waste; and
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.5 on-site, closed-loop recycling - systems that
recycle wastes on board the ship.
6.1.4 Ship designers and shipbuilders are encouraged
to take due account of the ship's ultimate disposal when designing
and constructing a ship, by:
6.1.5 In general terms, if opportunities exist,
ship or equipment designers should recommend designs to ship operators
that minimize or prevent waste at source and at the end of the operating
life of the ship. Similarly, shipowners and operators should ask for
such design considerations for new buildings and retrofits.
6.1.6 Administrations and the competent authorities
of ship building States are encouraged to advise shipbuilders to limit
the use of hazardous materials in the construction of ships.
6.1.7 The competent authorities of ship building
States have a role in encouraging research into the use of less potentially
hazardous materials in the construction of ships and promoting the
use of techniques which, without compromising safety or operational
efficiency, contribute towards the facilitation of the recycling operation.
6.1.8 Substances prohibited or restricted by international
conventions such as the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic
Pollutants (POPs), the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete
the Ozone Layer, and the International Convention on the Control of
Harmful Anti-fouling Systems on Ships, should not be used in the construction,
refit and repair of ships.