Alarm: An alarm announces by audible means,
or audible and visual means, a condition of an abnormal situation
requiring attention.
Alphanumerics: Characters presented on a visual
display as letters, numbers, digits, and usually other characters,
such as punctuation marks or combinations of them.
Ambient Light: Light originating from sources
other than the operator's visual displays, i.e., the general level
of illumination on the bridge due to sunlight or lights and lamps.
Ambient Noise: All of the background sounds
in the work environment, e.g., the general level of background noise
on the shipbridge.
Brightness: An attribute of visual sensation
that is determined by the intensity of light radiation reaching the
eye. Along with hue and saturation, a component of perceived colour.
Character: A letter, digit, or other symbol
that is used as part of the organization, control, or representation
of data. A character is often in the form of a spatial arrangement
of adjacent or connected strokes.
Character Size: Measured by the height of a
displayed character in terms of its visual angle.
Coding: Use of a system of symbols, shapes,
colours, or other variable sensory stimuli to represent specific information.
Console: The structural framework for the integration
of devices, equipment, and storage and which together compromise a
workstation.
Contrast: The difference in luminance between
foreground objects and their background or, generally, between any
two areas of a display, measured with the contrast ratio (division
of the luminance of the foreground by the luminance of the background).
Control: A mechanism used to regulate or guide
the operation of a machine, equipment component, subsystem, or system.
Cursor: A highlighted, moveable indicator on
the computer screen that shows the current location for data entry,
editing, or selection of a displayed object.
Display (Visual): Means which presents visual
information, including conventional instrumentation.
Display Field: An area of the display screen
reserved for the display of information.
Effective Temperature: An index which combines
into a single value the effect of temperature, humidity, and air movement
on the sensation of warmth or cold felt by the human body. The numerical
value is that of the temperature of still, saturated air which would
induce an identical sensation.
Ergonomics: The study and design of working
environments (e.g., workstation, cockpit, ship bridges) and their
components, work practices, and work procedures for the benefit of
the worker's productivity, health, comfort, and safety. Application
of the human factor in the analysis and design of equipment, work
and working environment.
Field of Vision: Angular size of a scene that
can be observed from a position on the ship's bridge.
Glare: Excessive demand for visual adaptation
brought on by the retina's exposure to more light than it can tolerate.
Produced when any luminance within the visual field is sufficiently
greater than the luminance to which the eye is adjusted.
Highlighting: Emphasizing displayed data or
format features, e.g., through the use of underlining, bolding, or
inverse video, for calling the user's attention to some displayed
area or information.
Hue: One component of the perception of colour
(for example, red, green, yellow). Other components are saturation
and brightness.
Icon: Pictorial or other nonverbal representation
of objects or actions.
Illumination: The amount of light (luminance
flux) falling on a surface, measured in lumen/m2 = lux.
Input Device: A workstation component used
for data entry and display control, e.g., keyboard, trackball, mouse.
.
Label: Alphanumeric information that identifies
or describes an object or displayed data.
Layout: The physical arrangement of the parts
and components that make up a module or a unit of equipment.
Line of Sight: An imaginary line extended from
the plane of the viewer's eyes; the horizontal line of sight occupies
the same horizontal plane as the centre of the pupils. The normal
line of sight declines 15 degrees below the horizontal; maintaining
a horizontal or higher line of sight takes effort and can be fatiguing
over time.
Luminance: Luminance is the amount per unit
area emitted or reflected from a surface and is measured in candela
per square metres (cd/m2).
Menu: A set of related options listed together
for selection by the user, i.e. a type of dialogue in which a user
selects one item out of a list of displayed alternatives.
Mode: An internally defined state or condition
of computer operation, such as keyboard input mode, help mode, edit
mode, save mode, planning mode or operational mode.
Reflection: A mirror image of the surrounding
environment that is coincidentally superimposed on screen content.
Resolution: A characteristic of a visual display,
expressed in pixels per square inch.
Symbol: A graphic or alphanumeric representation
of something by reason of relationship, association, or convention.
Workstation: The combination of all job-related
items, including the console with all devices, equipment and the furniture,
to fulfil certain tasks.