4.1 This section details the general technical requirements which a BWMS
should meet in order to obtain type approval.
General principles for operation
4.2 A BWMS should be effective in meeting the D-2 standard on short voyages and long
voyages (i.e. short and long intervals between treatment and discharge), regardless
of temperature, unless the system is intentionally constructed for use in specific
waters.
4.3 Ballast water discharged following treatment should be safe for the environment
on short voyages and long voyages (i.e. short and long intervals between treatment
and discharge), regardless of temperature.
4.4 The design of the BWMS should account for the fact that, regardless of the BWMS
technology employed, viable organisms remaining after treatment may reproduce in the
interval between treatment and discharge.
Ballast water management systems
4.5 The BWMS should be designed and constructed:
- .1 for robust and suitable operation in the shipboard environment;
- .2 for the service for which it is intended;
- .3 to mitigate any danger to persons on board when installed. Equipment that
could emit dangerous gases/liquids shall have at least two independent means
of detection and shutdown of the BWMS (i.e. hazardous gas level reaching
lower explosive limits (LEL) or level of toxic concentrations that can
result in severe effects on human health); and
- .4 with materials compatible for the substances used, purpose which it is
intended, the working conditions to which it will be subjected and the
environmental conditions on board.
4.6 The BWMS should not contain or use any substance of a dangerous nature, unless
adequate risk mitigation measures are incorporated for storage, application,
installation, and safe handling, acceptable to the Administration.
4.7 In case of any failure compromising the proper operation of the BWMS, audible and
visual alarm signals should be given in all stations from which ballast water
operations are controlled.
4.8 All working parts of the BWMS that are liable to wear or to be damaged should be
easily accessible for maintenance. The routine maintenance of the BWMS and
troubleshooting procedures should be clearly defined by the manufacturer in the
operation, maintenance and safety manual. All maintenance and repairs should be
recorded.
4.9 To avoid interference with the BWMS, the following items should be included:
- .1 every access of the BWMS beyond the essential requirements of paragraph
4.8, should require the breaking of a seal;
- .2 if applicable, the BWMS should be so constructed that a visual indication
is always activated whenever the BWMS is in operation for purposes of
cleaning, calibration, or repair, and these events should be recorded by the
control and monitoring equipment; and
- .3 the BWMS should be provided with the necessary connections to ensure that
any bypass of the BWMS will activate an alarm, and that the bypass event is
recorded by the control and monitoring equipment.
4.10 Facilities should be provided for checking, at the renewal surveys and according
to the manufacturer's instructions, the performance of the BWMS components that take
measurements. A calibration certificate certifying the date of the last calibration
check, should be retained on board for inspection purposes. Only the manufacturer or
persons authorized by the manufacturer should perform the accuracy checks.
4.11 The BWMS should be provided with simple and effective means for its operation
and control. It should be provided with a control system that should be such that
the services needed for the proper operation of the BWMS are ensured through the
necessary arrangements.
4.12 The BWMS should, if intended to be fitted in hazardous area locations, comply
with the relevant safety regulations for such spaces. Any electrical equipment that
is part of the BWMS should be based in a non-hazardous area, or should be certified
by the Administration as safe for use in a hazardous area. Any moving parts, which
are fitted in hazardous areas, should be arranged so as to avoid the formation of
static electricity.
4.13 The BWMS should not endanger the health and safety of the crew, interact
negatively with the ship's systems and cargo or produce any adverse environmental
effects. The BWMS should not create long term impacts on the safety of the ship and
crew through corrosive effects in the ballast system and other spaces.
4.14 It should be demonstrated by using mathematical modelling and/or calculations,
that any up or down scaling of the BWMS will not affect the functioning and
effectiveness on board a ship of the type and size for which the equipment will be
certified. In doing so, the manufacturer of the equipment should take into account
the relevant guidance developed by the Organization.
4.15 Scaling information should allow the Administration to verify that any scaled
model is at least as robust as the land-based-tested model. It is the responsibility
of the Administration to verify that the scaling used is appropriate for the
operational design of the BWMS.
4.16 At a minimum, the shipboard test unit should be of a capacity that allows for
further validation of the mathematical modelling and/or calculations for scaling,
and preferably selected at the upper limit of the rated capacity of the BWMS, unless
otherwise approved by the Administration.
Control and monitoring
equipment
4.17 Administrations should ensure that type approved BWMS have a suitable control
and monitoring system that will automatically monitor and record sufficient data to
verify correct operation of the system. The control and monitoring equipment should
record the proper functioning or failure of the BWMS. Where practical, system design
limitation parameters should be monitored and recorded by the BWMS to ensure proper
operation.
4.18 The BWMS should incorporate control equipment that automatically monitors and
adjusts necessary treatment dosages or intensities or other aspects of the BWMS of
the ship, which while not directly affecting treatment, are nonetheless required for
proper administration of the necessary treatment.
4.19 The equipment should be able to produce (e.g. display, print or export) a report
of the applicable self-monitoring parameters in accordance with Part 5 of the annex
for official inspections or maintenance, as required.
4.20 To facilitate compliance with regulation B-2, the control and monitoring
equipment should also be able to store data for at least 24 months, In the event the
control and monitoring equipment is replaced, means should be provided to ensure the
data recorded prior to replacement remains available on board for 24 months.
4.21 For BWMS that could emit dangerous gases, a means of gas detection by redundant
safety systems is to be fitted in the space of the BWMS, and an audible and visual
alarm is to be activated at a local area and at a manned BWMS control station in
case of leakage. The gas detection device is to be designed and tested in accordance
with IEC 60079-29-1, or other recognized standards acceptable to the Administration.
Monitoring measures for dangerous gases with independent shutdown is to be provided
on the BWMS.
4.22 All software changes introduced to the system after the pre-test evaluation
shall be done according to a change handling procedure ensuring traceability.