1 Specific assumptions
This method of estimating evacuation duration is basic in nature and,
therefore, common evacuation analysis assumptions should be made as follows:
-
.1 all passengers and crew will begin evacuation at the same time and will
not hinder each other;
-
.2 initial walking speed depends on the density of persons, assuming that the
flow is only in the direction of the escape route, and that there is no
overtaking;
-
.3 people can move unhindered;
-
.4 counterflow is accounted for by a counterflow correction factor; and
-
.5 simplifications are accounted for in a correction factor and a safety
factor. The safety factor has a value of 1.25.
2 Calculation of the evacuation duration
The following components should be considered:
-
.1 response duration (R) should be 10 min for the night time scenarios and 5
min for the day time scenarios;
-
.2 method to calculate the travel duration (T) is given in appendix 1; and
-
.3 embarkation and launching duration (E+L).
3 Identification of congestion
Congestion is identified by the following criteria:
-
.1 initial density equal to, or greater than, 3.5 persons/m2; and
-
.2 the difference between inlet and outlet of calculated flows
(FC) is larger than 1.5 persons per second.