Section 2 Construction and installation

2.1.1 The selection of materials in piping systems for heating, cooling and filtration systems is to recognise the following details:

1. Fluids, pressures and temperatures.

2. Location.

3. Compatibility of materials.

4. Fluid flow rates and static conditions.

5. Minimising corrosion and erosion through life of system.

6. Flammability and toxicity.

2.1.2 Ventilation trunk materials and characteristics are to be selected to suit the application. For example, watertight or gastight trunking may be required in certain areas of the vessel in order to meet the design requirements. Steel trunking is to be used in areas of high fire risk.

2.1.3 Where trunking is fitted in lengths and required to be joined together, joining arrangements are to be in accordance with the requirements of the trunk manufacturer.

2.1.4 Pipes, valves and fittings are in general to be made of steel, ductile cast iron, copper, copper alloy, or other approved ductile material suitable for the intended purpose. The use of plastics materials is also acceptable subject to the restrictions in Vol 2, Pt 7, Ch 1 Piping Design Requirements.

2.1.5 Where applicable, the materials are to comply with the requirements of Vol 2, Pt 7, Ch 1 Piping Design Requirements.

2.2.1 Pressure vessels in heat exchange systems are to be in accordance with Vol 2, Pt 8, Ch 2 Other Pressure Vessels or a recognised code.

2.2.2 Valves, flexible hose lengths, expansion pieces and pumps are to comply with the relevant requirements of Vol 2, Pt 7, Ch 1, 12 Valves.

2.2.3 Pipes in piping systems are to be permanent pipes made with approved pipe connections to enable ready removal of valves, pumps, fittings and equipment. The pipes are to be efficiently secured in position to prevent chafing or lateral movement.

2.2.4 Suitable means for expansion is to be made, where necessary, in each range of pipes.

2.2.5 Efficient protection is to be provided for all pipes situated where they are liable to mechanical damage.

2.2.6 All moving parts are to be provided with guards to minimise danger to personnel.

2.2.7 Low temperature pipes in refrigeration systems are to be provided with efficient insulation. Chilled water and hot water pipes are also to be provided with insulation for system efficiency.

2.2.8 Means are to be provided, where necessary, to enable lengths of ventilation trunking to be cleaned internally.

2.3.1 Valves and isolation flap arrangements are to be fitted in places where they are at all times readily accessible.

2.3.2 All valves that are provided with remote control arrangements are to be arranged for local manual operation, independent of the remote operating mechanism. The local manual means of operation is to be readily accessible.

2.3.3 Relief valves are to be adjusted and bursting discs so selected that they relieve at a pressure not greater than the design pressure of the system. When satisfactorily adjusted, relief valves are to be protected against tampering or interference by wire with a lead seal or similar arrangement.

2.4.1 Where chilled water systems complying with Vol 2, Pt 7, Ch 5 Ship Type Piping Systems are not used for cooling ventilation air, independent refrigeration plants are to be provided and designed to be capable of extracting a defined heat load duty when operating at the conditions stated in the System Design Description required by Vol 2, Pt 11, Ch 2, 1.3 Documentation required for design review 1.3.2.

2.4.2 The refrigeration systems and compartments containing the refrigeration plants are to comply with the requirements in Vol 2, Pt 11, Ch 4 Refrigeration System Arrangements, and are to be provided with refrigerant gas detectors in accordance with Vol 2, Pt 9, Ch 11 Gas detection with audible and visual alarms.

2.5.1 Independent means of heating the air supplies to ventilation systems for crew and embarked personnel are to be designed to be capable of transferring a defined heat load duty when operating at the conditions stated in the System Design Description required by Vol 2, Pt 11, Ch 2, 1.3 Documentation required for design review 1.3.2.

2.6.1 Air inlets and outlets to all ventilation systems are to be provided with suitable protection screens. Filtration units are to be provided at all inlets to air supplies to ventilation systems for crew and embarked personnel in accordance with the conditions stated in the System Design Description.

2.6.2 Air filtration units are to be provided to control the ingestion of water, particulate and corrosive marine salts and are to be capable of being cleaned in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations.

2.6.3 Filtration units for CBRN Protection are to be in accordance with the guidance in Vol 2, Pt 1, Ch 3, 4.12 Guidance for CBRN protection, detection and monitoring as applicable.