7.3.1 The balance of forces described in paragraph 7.2.4 and
7.2.6 will normally furnish a sufficiently accurate determination of the
adequacy of the securing arrangement. However, this alternative method allows a more
precise consideration of horizontal securing angles.
7.3.2 Securing devices usually do not have a pure longitudinal or
transverse direction in practice but have an angle β in the horizontal plane.
This horizontal securing angle β is defined in this annex as the angle of
deviation from the transverse direction. The angle β is to be scaled in the
quadrantal mode, i.e. between 0° and 90°.
Figure 19 – Definition of the vertical and horizontal securing angles α
and β
7.3.3 A securing device with an angle β develops securing effects
both in longitudinal and transverse direction, which can be expressed by multiplying the
calculated strength CS with the appropriate values of fx
or fy. The values of fx and
fy can be obtained from table 7.
7.3.4 Table 7 consists of five sets of figures, one each for the friction
coefficients μ = 0.4, 0.3, 0.2, 0.1 and 0. Each set of figures is obtained by
using the vertical angle α and horizontal angle β. The value of fx
is obtained when entering the table with β from the right while
fy is obtained when entering with β from the left,
using the nearest tabular value for α and β. Interpolation is not required
but may be used.
The balance calculations are made in accordance with the following formulae:
- Transverse sliding: Fy ≤ μ · m · g
+ fy1 · CS1 + … +
fyn · CSn
- Longitudinal sliding: Fx ≤ μ · (m ·
g – fz · Fz) +
fx1 · CS1 + … +
fxn · CSn
- Transverse tipping: Fy · a ≤ b ·
m · g + 0.9 · (CS1 · c1 +
CS2 · c2 + … + CSn ·
cn)
Caution:
Securing devices which have a vertical angle α of less than 45° in
combination with horizontal angle β greater than 45° should not be used in the
balance of transverse tipping in the above formula. All symbols used in these formulae
have the same meaning as defined in paragraph 7.2
except fy and fx, obtained from table
7, and CS is as follows:
- CS =
A calculated example for this method is shown in appendix 1 of
annex 13.
Table 7 – fx values and fy values as a
function of α, β and μ
Table 7.1 for μ = 0.4
β for fy
|
α
|
β for fx
|
-30
|
-20
|
-10
|
0
|
10
|
20
|
30
|
40
|
45
|
50
|
60
|
70
|
80
|
90
|
0
|
0.67
|
0.80
|
0.92
|
1.00
|
1.05
|
1.08
|
1.07
|
1.02
|
0.99
|
0.95
|
0.85
|
0.72
|
0.57
|
0.40
|
90
|
10
|
0.65
|
0.79
|
0.90
|
0.98
|
1.04
|
1.06
|
1.05
|
1.01
|
0.98
|
0.94
|
0.84
|
0.71
|
0.56
|
0.40
|
80
|
20
|
0.61
|
0.75
|
0.86
|
0.94
|
0.99
|
1.02
|
1.01
|
0.98
|
0.95
|
0.91
|
0.82
|
0.70
|
0.56
|
0.40
|
70
|
30
|
0.55
|
0.68
|
0.78
|
0.87
|
0.92
|
0.95
|
0.95
|
0.92
|
0.90
|
0.86
|
0.78
|
0.67
|
0.54
|
0.40
|
60
|
40
|
0.46
|
0.58
|
0.68
|
0.77
|
0.82
|
0.86
|
0.86
|
0.84
|
0.82
|
0.80
|
0.73
|
0.64
|
0.53
|
0.40
|
50
|
50
|
0.36
|
0.47
|
0.56
|
0.64
|
0.70
|
0.74
|
0.76
|
0.75
|
0.74
|
0.72
|
0.67
|
0.60
|
0.51
|
0.40
|
40
|
60
|
0.23
|
0.33
|
0.42
|
0.50
|
0.56
|
0.61
|
0.63
|
0.64
|
0.64
|
0.63
|
0.60
|
0.55
|
0.48
|
0.40
|
30
|
70
|
0.10
|
0.18
|
0.27
|
0.34
|
0.41
|
0.46
|
0.50
|
0.52
|
0.52
|
0.53
|
0.52
|
0.49
|
0.45
|
0.40
|
20
|
80
|
–0.05
|
0.03
|
0.10
|
0.17
|
0.24
|
0.30
|
0.35
|
0.39
|
0.41
|
0.42
|
0.43
|
0.44
|
0.42
|
0.40
|
10
|
90
|
–0.20
|
–0.14
|
–0.07
|
0.00
|
0.07
|
0.14
|
0.20
|
0.26
|
0.28
|
0.31
|
0.35
|
0.38
|
0.39
|
0.40
|
0
|
Table 7.2 for μ = 0.3
β for fy
|
α
|
β for fx
|
-30
|
-20
|
-10
|
0
|
10
|
20
|
30
|
40
|
45
|
50
|
60
|
70
|
80
|
90
|
0
|
0.72
|
0.84
|
0.93
|
1.00
|
1.04
|
1.04
|
1.02
|
0.96
|
0.92
|
0.87
|
0.76
|
0.62
|
0.47
|
0.30
|
90
|
10
|
0.70
|
0.82
|
0.92
|
0.98
|
1.02
|
1.03
|
1.00
|
0.95
|
0.91
|
0.86
|
0.75
|
0.62
|
0.47
|
0.30
|
80
|
20
|
0.66
|
0.78
|
0.87
|
0.94
|
0.98
|
0.99
|
0.96
|
0.91
|
0.88
|
0.83
|
0.73
|
0.60
|
0.46
|
0.30
|
70
|
30
|
0.60
|
0.71
|
0.80
|
0.87
|
0.90
|
0.92
|
0.90
|
0.86
|
0.82
|
0.79
|
0.69
|
0.58
|
0.45
|
0.30
|
60
|
40
|
0.51
|
0.62
|
0.70
|
0.77
|
0.81
|
0.82
|
0.81
|
0.78
|
0.75
|
0.72
|
0.64
|
0.54
|
0.43
|
0.30
|
50
|
50
|
0.41
|
0.50
|
0.58
|
0.64
|
0.69
|
0.71
|
0.71
|
0.69
|
0.67
|
0.64
|
0.58
|
0.50
|
0.41
|
0.30
|
40
|
60
|
0.28
|
0.37
|
0.44
|
0.50
|
0.54
|
0.57
|
0.58
|
0.58
|
0.57
|
0.55
|
0.51
|
0.45
|
0.38
|
0.30
|
30
|
70
|
0.15
|
0.22
|
0.28
|
0.34
|
0.39
|
0.42
|
0.45
|
0.45
|
0.45
|
0.45
|
0.43
|
0.40
|
0.35
|
0.30
|
20
|
80
|
0.00
|
0.06
|
0.12
|
0.17
|
0.22
|
0.27
|
0.30
|
0.33
|
0.33
|
0.34
|
0.35
|
0.34
|
0.33
|
0.30
|
10
|
90
|
–0.15
|
–0.10
|
–0.05
|
0.00
|
0.05
|
0.10
|
0.15
|
0.19
|
0.21
|
0.23
|
0.26
|
0.28
|
0.30
|
0.30
|
0
|
Table 7.3 for μ = 0.2
β for fy
|
α
|
β for fx
|
-30
|
-20
|
-10
|
0
|
10
|
20
|
30
|
40
|
45
|
50
|
60
|
70
|
80
|
90
|
0
|
0.77
|
0.87
|
0.95
|
1.00
|
1.02
|
1.01
|
0.97
|
0.89
|
0.85
|
0.80
|
0.67
|
0.53
|
0.37
|
0.20
|
90
|
10
|
0.75
|
0.86
|
0.94
|
0.98
|
1.00
|
0.99
|
0.95
|
0.88
|
0.84
|
0.79
|
0.67
|
0.52
|
0.37
|
0.20
|
80
|
20
|
0.71
|
0.81
|
0.89
|
0.94
|
0.96
|
0.95
|
0.91
|
0.85
|
0.81
|
0.76
|
0.64
|
0.51
|
0.36
|
0.20
|
70
|
30
|
0.65
|
0.75
|
0.82
|
0.87
|
0.89
|
0.88
|
0.85
|
0.79
|
0.75
|
0.71
|
0.61
|
0.48
|
0.35
|
0.20
|
60
|
40
|
0.56
|
0.65
|
0.72
|
0.77
|
0.79
|
0.79
|
0.76
|
0.72
|
0.68
|
0.65
|
0.56
|
0.45
|
0.33
|
0.20
|
50
|
50
|
0.46
|
0.54
|
0.60
|
0.64
|
0.67
|
0.67
|
0.66
|
0.62
|
0.60
|
0.57
|
0.49
|
0.41
|
0.31
|
0.20
|
40
|
60
|
0.33
|
0.40
|
0.46
|
0.50
|
0.53
|
0.54
|
0.53
|
0.51
|
0.49
|
0.47
|
0.42
|
0.36
|
0.28
|
0.20
|
30
|
70
|
0.20
|
0.25
|
0.30
|
0.34
|
0.37
|
0.39
|
0.40
|
0.39
|
0.38
|
0.37
|
0.34
|
0.30
|
0.26
|
0.20
|
20
|
80
|
0.05
|
0.09
|
0.14
|
0.17
|
0.21
|
0.23
|
0.25
|
0.26
|
0.26
|
0.26
|
0.26
|
0.25
|
0.23
|
0.20
|
10
|
90
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
0.00
|
0.03
|
0.07
|
0.10
|
0.13
|
0.14
|
0.15
|
0.17
|
0.19
|
0.20
|
0.20
|
0
|
Table 7.4 for μ = 0.1
β for fy
|
α
|
β for fx
|
-30
|
-20
|
-10
|
0
|
10
|
20
|
30
|
40
|
45
|
50
|
60
|
70
|
80
|
90
|
0
|
0.82
|
0.91
|
0.97
|
1.00
|
1.00
|
0.97
|
0.92
|
0.83
|
0.78
|
0.72
|
0.59
|
0.44
|
0.27
|
0.10
|
90
|
10
|
0.80
|
0.89
|
0.95
|
0.98
|
0.99
|
0.96
|
0.90
|
0.82
|
0.77
|
0.71
|
0.58
|
0.43
|
0.27
|
0.10
|
80
|
20
|
0.76
|
0.85
|
0.91
|
0.94
|
0.94
|
0.92
|
0.86
|
0.78
|
0.74
|
0.68
|
0.56
|
0.42
|
0.26
|
0.10
|
70
|
30
|
0.70
|
0.78
|
0.84
|
0.87
|
0.87
|
0.85
|
0.80
|
0.73
|
0.68
|
0.63
|
0.52
|
0.39
|
0.25
|
0.10
|
60
|
40
|
0.61
|
0.69
|
0.74
|
0.77
|
0.77
|
0.75
|
0.71
|
0.65
|
0.61
|
0.57
|
0.47
|
0.36
|
0.23
|
0.10
|
50
|
50
|
0.51
|
0.57
|
0.62
|
0.64
|
0.65
|
0.64
|
0.61
|
0.56
|
0.53
|
0.49
|
0.41
|
0.31
|
0.21
|
0.10
|
40
|
60
|
0.38
|
0.44
|
0.48
|
0.50
|
0.51
|
0.50
|
0.48
|
0.45
|
0.42
|
0.40
|
0.34
|
0.26
|
0.19
|
0.10
|
30
|
70
|
0.25
|
0.29
|
0.32
|
0.34
|
0.35
|
0.36
|
0.35
|
0.33
|
0.31
|
0.30
|
0.26
|
0.21
|
0.16
|
0.10
|
20
|
80
|
0.10
|
0.13
|
0.15
|
0.17
|
0.19
|
0.20
|
0.20
|
0.20
|
0.19
|
0.19
|
0.17
|
0.15
|
0.13
|
0.10
|
10
|
90
|
–0.05
|
–0.03
|
–0.02
|
0.00
|
0.02
|
0.03
|
0.05
|
0.06
|
0.07
|
0.08
|
0.09
|
0.09
|
0.10
|
0.10
|
0
|
Table 7.5 for μ = 0.0
β for fy
|
α
|
β for fx
|
-30
|
-20
|
-10
|
0
|
10
|
20
|
30
|
40
|
45
|
50
|
60
|
70
|
80
|
90
|
0
|
0.87
|
0.94
|
0.98
|
1.00
|
0.98
|
0.94
|
0.87
|
0.77
|
0.71
|
0.64
|
0.50
|
0.34
|
0.17
|
0.00
|
90
|
10
|
0.85
|
0.93
|
0.97
|
0.98
|
0.97
|
0.93
|
0.85
|
0.75
|
0.70
|
0.63
|
0.49
|
0.34
|
0.17
|
0.00
|
80
|
20
|
0.81
|
0.88
|
0.93
|
0.94
|
0.93
|
0.88
|
0.81
|
0.72
|
0.66
|
0.60
|
0.47
|
0.32
|
0.16
|
0.00
|
70
|
30
|
0.75
|
0.81
|
0.85
|
0.87
|
0.85
|
0.81
|
0.75
|
0.66
|
0.61
|
0.56
|
0.43
|
0.30
|
0.15
|
0.00
|
60
|
40
|
0.66
|
0.72
|
0.75
|
0.77
|
0.75
|
0.72
|
0.66
|
0.59
|
0.54
|
0.49
|
0.38
|
0.26
|
0.13
|
0.00
|
50
|
50
|
0.56
|
0.60
|
0.63
|
0.64
|
0.63
|
0.60
|
0.56
|
0.49
|
0.45
|
0.41
|
0.32
|
0.22
|
0.11
|
0.00
|
40
|
60
|
0.43
|
0.47
|
0.49
|
0.50
|
0.49
|
0.47
|
0.43
|
0.38
|
0.35
|
0.32
|
0.25
|
0.17
|
0.09
|
0.00
|
30
|
70
|
0.30
|
0.32
|
0.34
|
0.34
|
0.34
|
0.32
|
0.30
|
0.26
|
0.24
|
0.22
|
0.17
|
0.12
|
0.06
|
0.00
|
20
|
80
|
0.15
|
0.16
|
0.17
|
0.17
|
0.17
|
0.16
|
0.15
|
0.13
|
0.12
|
0.11
|
0.09
|
0.06
|
0.03
|
0.00
|
10
|
90
|
0.00
|
0.00
|
0.00
|
0.00
|
0.00
|
0.00
|
0.00
|
0.00
|
0.00
|
0.00
|
0.00
|
0.00
|
0.00
|
0.00
|
0
|