2 Lifejackets

2.1 Temperature cycling test

A lifejacket should be subjected to the temperature cycling as prescribed in 1.2.1 and should then be externally examined. The lifejacket materials should show no sign of damage such as shrinking, cracking, swelling, dissolution or change of mechanical qualities.

2.2 Buoyancy test

The buoyancy of the lifejacket should be measured before and after 24 h complete submersion to just below the surface in fresh water. The difference between the initial buoyancy and the final buoyancy should not exceed 5% of the initial buoyancy.

2.3 Fire test

A lifejacket should be subjected to the fire test prescribed in 1.5. The lifejacket should not sustain burning for more than 6 s or continue melting after being removed from the flames.

2.4 Tests of components other than buoyancy materials

All the materials, other than buoyancy materials, used in the construction of the lifejacket, including the cover, tapes, seams and closures should be tested to an international standard acceptable to the Organization^footnote to establish that they are rot-proof, colour-fast and resistant to deterioration from exposure to sunlight and that they are not unduly affected by seawater, oil or fungal attack.

2.5 Strength tests

Body or lifting loop strength tests

2.5.1 The lifejacket should be immersed in water for a period of 2 min. It should then be removed from the water and closed in the same manner as when it is worn by a person. A force of not less than 3,200 N (2,400 N in the case of a child or infant-size lifejacket) should be applied for 30 min to the part of the lifejacket that secures it to the body of the wearer (see figure 1) and separately to the lifting loop of the lifejacket. The lifejacket should not be damaged as a result of this test. The test should be repeated for each encircling closure.

Shoulder lift test

2.5.2 The lifejacket should be immersed in water for a period of 2 min. It should then be removed from the water and closed on a form as shown in figure 2, in the same manner as when it is worn by a person. A force of not less than 900 N (700 N in the case of a child- or infant-size lifejacket) should be applied for 30 min across the form and the shoulder section of the lifejacket (see figure 3). The lifejacket should not be damaged as a result of this test. The lifejacket should remain secured on the form during this test.

Figure 1 Body strength test arrangement for lifejackets

Figure 2 Test form for shoulder lift test for lifejackets

Figure 3 Shoulder life test arrangement for lifejackets

2.6 Tests for lifejacket buoyancy material

The tests specified in 2.6.1 to 2.6.7 should be carried out on eight specimens of each lifejacket-buoyancy material. A further four specimens of each lifejacket-buoyancy material should be prepared for the test specified in 2.6.8. The specimens should be at least 300 mm square and be of the same thickness as used in the lifejacket. In the case of kapok, the entire lifejacket should be subjected to the test. The dimensions should be recorded at the beginning and end of these tests. Where multiple layers of materials are used to achieve the total thickness desired for the lifejacket, the specimens should be of the thinnest material used.

Test for stability under temperature cycling

2.6.1 Six specimens should be subjected to temperature cycling as prescribed in 1.2.1.

2.6.2 The dimensions of the specimens (except kapok) should be recorded at the end of the last cycle. The specimens should be carefully examined and should not show any sign of external change of structure or of mechanical qualities.

2.6.3 Two of the specimens should be cut open and should not show any sign of internal change of structure.

2.6.4 Four of the specimens should be used for compression and water absorption tests, two of which should be so tested after they have also been subjected to the diesel oil test as prescribed in 1.4.

Tests for compression and water absorption

2.6.5 The tests should be carried out in fresh water and the specimens should be immersed for a period of seven days under a 1.25 m head of water.

2.6.6 The tests should be carried out:

.1 on two specimens as supplied;
.2 on two specimens which have been subjected to the temperature cycling as prescribed in 2.6.1; and
.3 on two specimens which have been subjected to the temperature cycling as prescribed in 2.6.1 followed by the diesel oil test as prescribed in 1.4.

2.6.7 The results should state the buoyant force in N which each specimen exerts when submerged in water after one and seven days' immersion. The reduction of buoyancy should not exceed 10% for specimens which have been exposed to the diesel oil conditioning and must not exceed 5% for all other specimens. The specimens should show no sign of damage such as shrinking, cracking, swelling, dissolution or change of mechanical qualities.

Tensile strength test

2.6.8 The tensile strength at break of the material should be measured before and after the combined exposure described in 2.6.6.3. When tested according to an international standard acceptable to the Organization^footnote, the materials should have a minimum tensile strength of 140 kPa before exposure, which should not be reduced by more than 25% following the combined exposures. In the case of kapok, the protective cover should have a minimum breaking strength of 13 kPa before exposure, which should not be reduced by more than 25% following the combined exposures.

2.7 Donning test

2.7.1 To minimize the risk of incorrect donning by uninitiated persons, often in adverse conditions, lifejackets should be examined for the following features and tested as follows:

.1 fastenings necessary for proper performance should be few and simple, and provide quick and positive closure that does not require tying of knots;
.2 adult lifejackets should readily fit various sizes of adults, both lightly and heavily clad; and
.3 all lifejackets should be capable of being worn inside-out, or clearly in only one way.

Test subjects

2.7.2 These tests should be carried out with at least 12 able-bodied persons who are completely unfamiliar with the lifejacket and selected according to the heights and weights in table 2.1 and the following:

.1 small test subjects need not be adults;
.2 at least 1/3, but not more than 1/2 of test subjects should be females, including at least 1 per height category but excluding the tallest height;
.3 at least one male should be from the lowest and highest weight group and one female should be from the lowest weight group and one female should be more than 80 kg and 1.8 m;
.4 at least one subject should be selected from each cell containing a "1"; and
.5 enough additional subjects should be selected from cells containing a "X" to total the required number of test subjects, with no more than one subject per cell. A uniform distribution across weight ranges should be maintained.

Table 2.1 Test subject selection for adult lifejackets

	Weight range - kg
Height range (m)	40 - 43	43 - 60	60 - 70	70 - 80	80 - 100	100 - 110	110 - 120	>120
< 1.5	1	X	X	X
1.5 - 1.6	X	1	1	X	X
1.6 - 1.7		X	X	1	X	X
1.7 - 1.8			X	X	1	X	X	X
1.8 - 1.9			X	X	X	1	1	X
> 1.9					X	X	X	1

Clothing

2.7.3 Each test subject should be tested wearing the clothing specified for the test and appropriate to their size as follows:

.1 Normal clothing means normal indoor clothing, which would not normally interfere with the donning of a lifejacket; and
.2 Heavy-weather clothing means the attire appropriate for a hostile environment, including a hooded arctic parka and warm cotton gloves.

2.7.4 Each test should be timed from when the order is given until the test subject declares that donning is complete. For assessment purposes donning is considered complete when the subject has donned and securely adjusted all methods of securing the lifejacket to the extent needed to meet the in-water performance requirements, including inflation, if needed.

Test without instruction

2.7.4.1 The test subjects may be tested individually or as a group. Wearing normal clothing, the first attempt should be with no assistance, guidance or prior demonstration. The lifejacket, with closures in the stored condition, should be placed on the floor, face up, in front of the test subject. The instruction provided should be identical for each subject and should be equivalent to the following: "PLEASE DON THIS LIFEJACKET AS QUICKLY AS POSSIBLE AND ADJUST IT TO A SNUG FIT SO YOU CAN ABANDON SHIP". The lifejacket should be capable of being donned by at least 75 % of the subjects, and within 1 min. If a subject dons the lifejacket substantially correctly but fails to secure and/or adjust all closures, the jump test in 2.8.8 and in-water performance tests in 2.8.5 and 2.8.6 should be performed with the lifejacket as donned to establish whether the performance is acceptable and the donning is successful.

Test after instruction

2.7.4.2 For each subject whose first attempt exceeds 1 min or is incomplete, after demonstration or instruction to familiarize the subject with the donning procedure, the test subject should then don the lifejacket without assistance while wearing normal clothing, using the same instruction and timing method as in 2.7.4.1. Each subject should correctly don the lifejacket within a period of 1 min.

Heavy-weather clothing test

2.7.4.3 Each subject should then don the lifejacket without assistance while wearing heavy-weather clothing, using the same instruction and timing method as in 2.7.4.1. Each subject should don the lifejacket correctly within a period of 1 min.

2.8 Water performance tests

2.8.1 This portion of the test is intended to determine the ability of the lifejacket to assist a helpless person or one in an exhausted or unconscious state and to show that the lifejacket does not unduly restrict movement. The in-water performance of a lifejacket is evaluated by comparison to the performance of a suitable size standard reference lifejacket, i.e. Reference Test Device (RTD) as specified in appendices 1 to 3. All tests should be carried out in fresh water under still conditions. Each test for a candidate lifejacket and the relevant RTD should be conducted on the same day.

Test subjects

2.8.2 These tests should be carried out with at least 12 persons as described in 2.7.2. Only good swimmers should be used, since the ability to relax in the water is rarely otherwise obtained.

Clothing

2.8.3 Subjects should wear only swimming costumes.

Preparation for water performance tests

2.8.4 The test subjects should be made familiar with each of the tests set out below, particularly the requirement regarding relaxing and exhaling in the face-down position. The test subject should don the lifejacket, unassisted, using only the instructions provided by the manufacturer. Prior to taking the measurements in 2.8 and 2.9, the proper fit, donning, and fastening of the RTD on the subject should be checked and corrected as necessary. After entering the water, care should be taken to ensure that there is no significant amount of air unintentionally trapped in the lifejacket or swimming costume.

Righting tests

2.8.5 Each test subject should assume a prone, face down position in the water, but with the head lifted up so the mouth is out of the water. The subject's feet should be supported, shoulder width apart, with the heels just below the surface of the water. After assuming a starting position with the legs straight and arms along the sides, the subject should then be instructed in the following sequence to allow the body to gradually and completely relax into a natural floating posture: allow the arms and shoulders to relax; allow the legs to relax; and then the spine and neck, letting the head fall into the water while breathing out normally. During the relaxation phase, the subject should be maintained in a stable face down position. Immediately after the subject has relaxed with the face in the water, simulating a state of utter exhaustion, the subject's feet should be released. The period of time until the mouth of the test subject comes clear of the water should be recorded to the nearest 1/10 of a second, starting from when the subject's feet are released. The above test should be conducted for a total of six times, and the highest and lowest times discarded. The test should then be conducted for a total of six times in the RTD and the highest and lowest times discarded.

Static balance measurements

2.8.6 At the conclusion of the righting tests without making any adjustments in body or lifejacket position, measurements should be made with the subject floating in the relaxed face-up position of static balance resulting from the preceding tests. The following measurements should be made (see figure 4):

.1 freeboard − the distance measured perpendicularly from the surface of the water to the lowest point of the subjects mouth where respiration may be impeded, if the mouth were not held shut. The lowest side of the mouth should be measured if the left and right sides are not level;
.2 faceplane angle − the angle, relative to the surface of the water, of the plane formed between the most forward part of the forehead and the chin;
.3 torso angle − the angle, relative to vertical, of the line formed by the forward points of the shoulder and hipbone (ilium portion of the pelvis); and
.4 list angle − the angle relative to the surface of the water and a line between the left and right shoulder or a line through the ears if only the head is tilted.

Figure 4 Static balance measurements

Assessment

2.8.7 After the water tests described in 2.8.5 and .6 above:

.1 Turning time: The average turn time for all subjects in the candidate lifejacket should not exceed the average time in the RTD plus 1 s, and the number of "no-turns", if any, should not exceed the number in the RTD;
.2 Freeboard: The average freeboard of all the subjects' should not be less than the average for the RTD; minus 10 mm
.3 Torso angles: The average of all subjects' torso angles should be not less than the average for the RTD minus 10°;
.4 Faceplane angles: The average of all subjects' faceplane angles should be not less than the average for the RTD minus 10°;
.5 Lifejacket light location: The position of the lifejacket light should permit it to be visible over as great a segment of the upper hemisphere as is practicable.

Jump and drop tests

2.8.8 Without readjusting the lifejacket, the test subject should jump vertically into the water, feet first, from a height of at least 1 m while holding the arms over the head. Upon entering the water, the test subject should relax to simulate a state of utter exhaustion. The freeboard to the mouth should be recorded after the test subject comes to rest. The test should be repeated from a height of at least 4.5 m but, when jumping into the water, the test subject should hold on to the lifejacket during water entry to avoid possible injury. Upon entering the water, the test subject should relax to simulate a state of utter exhaustion. The freeboard to the mouth should be recorded after the test subject comes to rest. The lifejacket and its attachments should be examined for any damage. If injury is believed likely from any jump or drop test the lifejacket should be rejected or the test delayed until tests from a lower height or with additional precautions demonstrate that the risk from the required test is acceptable.

Assessment

2.8.9 Following the drop test, the lifejacket should:

.1 surface the test subject in a face up position with an average freeboard for all the subjects of not less than the average determined for the RTD after the turning test in accordance with 2.8.6 minus 15 mm;
.2 not be dislodged or cause harm to the test subject;
.3 have no damage that would affect its in-water performance or buoyancy; and
.4 have no damage to its attachments.

Stability test

2.8.10 The test subject should attain a relaxed face-up position of static balance in the water. The subject should be instructed to assume a foetal position as follows: "place your elbows against your sides, your hands on your stomach, under the lifejacket if possible, and bring your knees up as close to your chest as possible." The subject should be rotated clockwise around the longitudinal axis of the torso by grasping the subject's shoulders or upper areas of the lifejacket so that the subject attains a 55 ± 5 degree list. The subject should then be released. The subject should return to a stable face-up position. The test should then be conducted with the subject rotated counter-clockwise. The entire test should then be repeated with the test subject wearing the RTD. The candidate lifejacket should not roll any subject face down in the water. The number of subjects who are returned to the stable face-up foetal position in the candidate lifejacket should be at least equal to the number who are returned to the stable face-up foetal position in the RTD.

Swimming and water emergence test

2.8.11 All test subjects, without wearing the lifejacket, should attempt to swim 25 m and board a liferaft or a rigid platform with its surface 300 mm above the water surface. All test subjects who successfully complete this task should perform it again wearing the lifejacket. At least two thirds of the test subjects who can accomplish the task without the lifejacket should also be able to perform it with the lifejacket.

2.9 Infant and children's lifejacket tests

As far as possible, similar tests should be applied for approval of lifejackets suitable for infants and children. The tests may be modified for child test subjects under 12 years of age who are not comfortable in water, so as to ensure their safety and cooperation.

Infant and child test subjects

2.9.1 For child-size lifejackets, tests should be carried out with at least 9 able-bodied persons, and for infant-size lifejackets, tests should be carried out with at least 5 able-bodied persons. All test subjects should be selected according to table 2.2 or table 2.3 as follows:

.1 One subject should be selected per each cell containing a "1".
.2 Remaining subjects should be selected from cells containing an "X", without repeating a cell.
.3 At least 40% of the subjects should be male and at least 40% female.
.4 Devices for infants should be tested on infants as small as 6 kg mass.
.5 A manikin or manikins may be substituted for test subjects if the manikin or manikins have been demonstrated to provide representative results compared to human subjects.

Table 2.2 Selection of child test subjects

Height range (cm)	Weight range (kg)
Height range (cm)	14-17	17-20	20-22	22-25	25-28	28-30	30-33	33-36	36-38	38-41	41-43
79-105	1	X
90-118		X	1
102-130				1	X
112-135					X	1
122-150							1	1	X
145-165									X	1	1

Table 2.3 Selection of infant test subjects

Height range (cm)	Weight range (kg)
Height range (cm)	Less than 11	11-14	14-17
Less than 83	1	X
79-105	X	1	1
90-118			X

2.9.2 When conducting water performance tests under 2.8, infant and child-size lifejackets should meet the following requirements for their critical flotation stability characteristics:

.1 Turning time: The average turn time for all subjects in the candidate lifejacket should not exceed the average time in the appropriate size RTD plus 1 s;
.2 Freeboard: The average results for clearance of the mouth above the water for all subjects should not be less than the average for the appropriate size RTD minus 10 mm;
.3 Torso angle: The average of all subjects' results should be not less than the average for the appropriate size RTD minus 10°;
.4 Faceplane angle: The average of all subjects results should be not less than the average for the appropriate size RTD minus 10°; and
.5 Mobility: Mobility of the subject both in and out of the water should be given consideration in determining the acceptability of a device for approval and should be compared to mobility when wearing the appropriate size RTD when climbing out of the water, going up and down stairs, picking up an article from the floor, and then drinking from a cup.

2.9.3 Infant lifejackets should meet the requirements of 2.9.2.1 and 2.9.2.2, however, the requirements for torso angle, faceplane and mobility may be relaxed if necessary in order to:

.1 contribute to the rescue of the infant by a caretaker;
.2 allow the infant to be fastened to a caretaker and contribute to keeping the infant close to the caretaker;
.3 keep the infant dry, with free respiratory passages;
.4 protect the infant against bumps and jolts during the evacuation; and
.5 allow a caretaker to monitor and control heat loss by the infant.

2.10 Tests for inflatable lifejackets

2.10.1 Inflation tests

2.10.1.1 Two inflatable lifejackets should be subjected to the temperature cycling test prescribed in 1.2.1 in the uninflated condition and should then be externally examined. The inflatable lifejacket materials should show no sign of damage such as shrinking, cracking, swelling, dissolution or change of mechanical qualities. The automatic and manual inflation systems should each be tested immediately after each temperature cycling test as follows:
- .1 After a high temperature cycle, the two inflatable lifejackets should be taken from the stowage temperature of +65°C. One should be activated using the automatic inflation system by placing it in seawater at a temperature of +30°C and the other should be activated using the manual inflation system. Each should fully inflate. Each lifejacket should then be subjected to the tests in paragraphs 2.2, 2.3 and 2.5. A lifejacket that has been inflated automatically with one compartment uninflated should be subjected to the test in paragraph 2.2 and the test repeated until each compartment has been tested in the uninflated condition. For the fire test in paragraph 2.3, one lifejacket should be inflated and one uninflated.
- .2 After a low temperature cycle, the two inflatable lifejackets should be taken from the stowage temperature of -30°C. One should be activated using the automatic inflation system by placing it in seawater at a temperature of -1°C and the other should be activated using the manual inflation system. Each should fully inflate.
Each lifejacket should then be subjected to the tests in paragraphs 2.2, 2.3 and 2.5. A lifejacket that has been inflated automatically with one compartment uninflated should be subjected to the test in paragraph 2.2 and the test repeated until each compartment has been tested in the uninflated condition. For the fire test in paragraph 2.3, one lifejacket should be inflated and one uninflated.
2.10.1.2 After exposure to a temperature of -15°C for a period of at least 8 h, two lifejackets should be activated using the manual inflation system and should fully inflate.
2.10.1.3 After exposure to a temperature of +40°C for a period of at least 8 h, two lifejackets should be activated using the manual inflation system and should fully inflate.

2.10.2 The test in 2.7 should be conducted using lifejackets both in the inflated and uninflated conditions.

2.10.3 The tests in 2.8 should be conducted using lifejackets that have been inflated both automatically and manually, and also with one of the compartments uninflated. The tests with one of the compartments uninflated should be repeated as many times as necessary to perform the test once with each compartment in the uninflated condition.

2.10.4 Tests of materials for inflatable bladders, inflation systems and components

The material used for the inflatable bladder, inflation system and components should be tested to establish that they are rot-proof, colour fast and resistant to deterioration from exposure to sunlight and that they are not duly affected by seawater, oil or fungal attack.

2.10.4.1 Coated fabrics

Coated fabrics used in the construction of inflatable buoyancy chambers should comply with the following requirements:
- .1 Coating adhesion should be tested in accordance with ISO 2411:2000 using the method described in paragraph 5.1 at 100 mm/min and should be not less than 50 N per 50 mm width.
- .2 Coating adhesion should be tested when wet following ageing according to ISO 188:2007 with an exposure of 336 ± 0.5 h in fresh water at (70 ± 1)°C, following which the method at ISO 2411:2000, paragraph 5.1 should be applied at 100 mm/min and should not be less than 40 N per 50 mm width.
- .3 Tear strength should be tested in accordance with ISO 4674-1:2003 and ISO 4674-2:1998 using method A1 and should not be less than 35 N.
- .4 Resistance to flex cracking should be tested in accordance with ISO 7854:1995 method A using 9000 flex cycles, there should be no visible cracking or deterioration.
- .5 Breaking strength should be tested in accordance with ISO 1421:1998 using the constant-rate-of-extension (CRE) or constant-rate-of-traverse (CRT) method, following conditioning for 24 ± 0.5 h at room temperature and should not be less than 200 N per 50 mm width.
- .6 Breaking strength should be tested in accordance with ISO 1421:1998 using the CRE or CRT method, following conditioning immersed in fresh water for 24 ± 0.5 h at room temperature and should not be less than 200 N per 50 mm width.
- .7 Elongation to break should be tested in accordance with ISO 1421:1998 using the CRE or CRT method following conditioning at room temperature for 24 ± 0.5 h and should not be more than 60%.
- .8 Elongation to break should be tested in accordance with ISO 1421:1998 using the CRE or CRT method following conditioning immersed in fresh water at room temperature for 24 ± 0.5 h and should not be more than 60%.
- .9 The resistance to exposure to light when tested in accordance with ISO 105-BO2:1994 and the contrast between the unexposed and exposed samples should not be less than class 5.
- .10 The resistance to wet and dry rubbing when tested in accordance with ISO 105-X12:2001 and should not be less than class 3.
- .11 The resistance to seawater should not be less than class 4 in accordance with ISO 105 EO2:1994 and the change in colour of the specimen should not be less than class 4.
2.10.4.2 Operating head load test

The operating head load test should be carried out using two lifejackets one lifejacket to be conditioned at -30°C for 8 h and the other at +65°C for 8 h. After mounting on the manikin or the test form the lifejackets should be inflated, and a steady force of 220 ± 10 N applied to the operating head as near as possible to the point where it enters the buoyancy chamber. This load should be maintained for 5 min during which the direction and angle in which it is applied should be continuously varied. On completion of the test the lifejacket should remain intact and should hold its pressure for 30 min.
2.10.4.3 Pressure test
- 2.10.4.3.1 Overpressure test: The inflatable buoyancy chambers should be capable of withstanding an internal over pressure at ambient temperature. A lifejacket should be inflated using the manual method of inflation, after inflation the relief valves should be disabled and a fully charged gas cylinder according to the manufacturers recommendation should be fitted to the same inflation device and fired. The lifejacket should remain intact and should hold its pressure for 30 min. The lifejackets should show no signs of damage such as cracking, swelling or changes of mechanical qualities and that there has been no significant damage to the lifejacket inflation component. All fully charged gas cylinders used in this test should be sized according to the markings on lifejacket.
- 2.10.4.3.2 Relief valve test: With one buoyancy chamber inflated, the operating head on the opposite buoyancy chamber should be fired manually, using a fully charged gas cylinder according to the manufacturers recommendations. The operation of the relief valves should be noted to ensure that the excess pressure is relieved. The lifejacket should remain intact and should hold its pressure for 30 min. The lifejackets should show no signs of damage such as cracking, swelling or changes of mechanical qualities and that there has been no significant damage to the lifejacket inflation component.
- 2.10.4.3.3 Air retention test: One inflation chamber of a lifejacket is filled with air until air escapes from the over-pressure valve or, if the lifejacket does not have an over-pressure valve, until its design pressure, as stated in the plans and specifications, is reached. After 12 h the drop in pressure should not be greater than 10%. This test is then repeated as many times as necessary to test a different chamber until each chamber has been tested in this manner.
2.10.4.4 Compression test

The inflatable lifejacket, packed in the normal manner should be laid on a table. A bag containing 75 kg of sand and having a base of 320 mm diameter should be lowered onto the lifejacket from a height of 150 mm in a time of 1 second. This should be repeated ten times, after which the bag should remain on the jacket for not less than 3 h. The lifejacket should be inflated by immersion into water and should inflate fully, the jacket to be inspected to ensure that no swelling or change of mechanical properties has occurred, the jacket should be checked for leaks.
2.10.4.5 Test of metallic components
- 2.10.4.5.1 Metal parts and components of a lifejacket should be corrosion-resistant to seawater and should be tested in accordance with ISO 9227:2006 for a period of 96 h. The metal components should be inspected and should not be significantly affected by corrosion, or affect any other part of the lifejacket and should not impair the performance of the lifejacket.
- 2.10.4.5.2 Metal components should not affect a magnetic compass of a type used in small boats by more than 5°, when placed at a distance of 500 mm from it.
2.10.4.6 Inadvertent inflation test
- 2.10.4.6.1 The resistance of an automatic inflation device to inadvertent operation should be assessed by exposing the entire lifejacket to sprays of water for fixed period. The lifejacket should be fitted correctly to a free-standing manikin of adult size, with a minimum shoulder height of 1,500 mm (see figure 5), or alternatively to an appropriately sized form as shown in figure 2. The lifejacket should be deployed in the mode in which it is worn ready for use but not deployed as used in the water (i.e. if it is equipped with a cover which is normally worn closed, then the cover should be closed for the test). Two sprays should be installed so as to spray fresh water onto the lifejacket, as shown in the diagram. One should be positioned 500 mm above the highest point of the lifejacket, and at an angle of 15° from the vertical centre line of the manikin and the bottom line of the lifejacket. The other nozzle should be installed horizontally at a distance of 500 mm from the bottom line of the lifejacket, and be pointed directly at the lifejacket. These nozzles should have a spray cone of 30°, each orifice being 1.5 ± 0.1 mm in diameter, and the total area of the orifice should be 50 ± 5 mm², the orifice being evenly spread over the spray nozzle area.
- 2.10.4.6.2 The air temperature should be 20°C, and water should be supplied to the spray nozzles at a flow of 600 l/h, and a temperature of 18°C to 20°C.
- 2.10.4.6.3 The sprays should be turned on, and the lifejacket should be exposed to the following series of tests to assess the ability of the jacket to resist inadvertent inflation:
  - .1 5 min with the high spray on the front of the lifejacket;
  - .2 5 min with the high spray on the left side of the lifejacket;
  - .3 5 min with the high spray on the back of the lifejacket; and
  - .4 5 min with the high spray on the right side of the lifejacket.
  During exposures .1, .2 and .4, the horizontal spray should be applied for 10 periods of 3 s each to the front, left or right sides (but not back) as with the high spray.
- 2.10.4.6.4 After completing the above test, the lifejacket should be removed from the manikin and immersed in water to verify that the auto-inflation system functions.

Figure 5 Test set-up for test of automatic inflation system