Section
9 ‘Guidelines’ for the acceptance of non-duplicated rudder actuators for oil storage units of 10 000 tons gross and upwards
but of less than 100 000 tons deadweight
9.1 Materials
9.1.1 Parts subject to internal hydraulic pressure or transmitting mechanical
forces to the rudder stock are to be made of duly tested ductile materials complying
with recognised Standards. Materials for pressure retaining components are to be in
accordance with recognised pressure vessel Standards. These materials are not to
have an elongation less than 12 per cent, nor a tensile strength in excess of 650
N/mm2.
9.2 Design
9.2.1
Design pressure. The design pressure should be assumed to be at least equal
to the greater of the following:
- 1,25 times the maximum working pressure to be expected under the
operating conditions required in Pt 5, Ch 19, 2.1 General 2.1.2.(b)
- The relief valve(s) setting.
9.2.2
Analysis. In order to analyse the design, the following are required:
- The manufacturers of rudder actuators should submit detailed
calculations showing the suitability of the design for the intended
service.
- A detailed stress analysis of pressure retaining parts of the
actuator should be carried out to determine the stresses at the design
pressure.
- Where considered necessary because of the design complexity or
manufacturing procedures, a fatigue analysis and fracture mechanics analysis
may be required. In connection with these analyses, all foreseen dynamic
loads should be taken into account. Experimental stress analysis may be
required in addition to, or in lieu of, theoretical calculations depending
upon the complexity of the design.
9.2.4
Allowable stresses. For the purposes of determining the general scantlings of
parts of rudder actuators subject to internal hydraulic pressure, the allowable
stresses should not exceed:
≤ f
≤ 1,5f
≤ 1,5f
≤ 1,5f
≤ 1,5f
where
f |
= |
the lesser of
|
![](svgobject/142A-48C3-91DA-9B4E1423D526.xml_d7507361e532.png) |
= |
equivalent primary bending stress |
![](svgobject/142A-48C3-91DA-9B4E1423D526.xml_d7507361e577.png) |
= |
equivalent primary general membrane stress |
![](svgobject/142A-48C3-91DA-9B4E1423D526.xml_d7507361e622.png) |
= |
specified minimum yield stress or 0,2 per cent proof stress of
material at ambient temperature |
![](svgobject/142A-48C3-91DA-9B4E1423D526.xml_d7507361e668.png) |
= |
specified minimum tensile strength of material at ambient
temperature |
![](svgobject/142A-48C3-91DA-9B4E1423D526.xml_d7507361e713.png) |
= |
equivalent primary local membrane stress A and B
are as follows:
|
Wrought steel
|
Cast steel
|
Nodular cast iron
|
A
|
4
|
4,6
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5,8
|
B
|
2
|
2,3
|
3,5
|
|
9.2.5
Burst test. Pressure retaining parts not requiring fatigue analysis and
fracture mechanics analysis may be accepted on the basis of a certified burst test
and the detailed stress analysis required by Pt 5, Ch 19, 9.2 Design 9.2.2 need not be provided. The
minimum bursting pressure should be calculated as follows:
where
![](svgobject/142A-48C3-91DA-9B4E1423D526.xml_d7507361e998.png) |
= |
minimum bursting pressure |
![](svgobject/142A-48C3-91DA-9B4E1423D526.xml_d7507361e1088.png) |
= |
actual tensile strength. |
9.3 Construction details
9.3.1
General. The construction should be such as to minimise local concentrations
of stress.
9.3.2
Welds.
- The welding details and welding procedures should be
approved.
- All welded joints within the pressure boundary of a rudder
actuator or connection parts transmitting mechanical loads should be a full
penetration type or of equivalent strength.
9.3.4
Isolating valves are to be fitted at the connection of pipes to the actuator,
and should be directly mounted on the actuator.
9.3.5
Relief valves for protecting the rudder actuator against over-pressure as
required in Pt 5, Ch 19, 3.3 Valve and relief valve arrangements 3.3.3 are to comply with the following:
- The setting pressure is not to be less than 1,25 times the
maximum working pressure expected under operating conditions required by
Pt 5, Ch 19, 2.1 General 2.1.2.(b)
- The minimum discharge capacity of the relief valve(s) is to be
not less than 110 per cent of the total capacity of all pumps which provided
power for the actuator. Under such conditions, the rise in pressure should
not exceed 10 per cent of the setting pressure. In this regard, due
consideration should be given to extreme foreseen ambient conditions in
respect of oil viscosity.
9.4 Non-destructive testing
9.4.1 The rudder actuator should be subjected to suitable and complete
non-destructive testing to detect both surface flaws and volumetric flaws. The
procedure and acceptance criteria for non-destructive testing should be in
accordance with requirements of recognised Standards. If found necessary, fracture
mechanics analysis may be used for determining maximum allowable flaw size.
9.5 Testing
9.5.1 Tests, including hydrostatic tests, of all pressure parts at 1,5 times
the design pressure should be carried out, subject to any limitations imposed by
valves and other components. Where additional testing of systems or subsystems
following final assembly is required, the test pressure may be subject to any
limitations imposed by valves and other components.
9.5.2 When installed on board the unit, the rudder actuator should be subjected
to a hydrostatic test at the pressure, defined in Pt 5, Ch 19, 9.5 Testing 9.5.1, as well as a running test.
9.6 Additional requirements for steering gear
fitted to units with Ice Class notations
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