Section
1 Hazardous areas – General
1.1 Application
1.1.1 Units for oil and gas exploitation, units with production and process
plant, drilling plant, pipe-laying system and other units where explosive gas-air
mixtures are likely to be present are to be classified into ‘hazardous areas’ and
‘non-hazardous areas’ in accordance with the requirements of this Chapter, or
alternatively, with an acceptable Code or Standard giving equivalent safety.
1.1.2 These requirements do not apply to the release of explosive gas-air
mixtures as a consequence of an uncontrolled well blow out or catastrophic failure
of pipes or vessels.
1.1.5 The hazardous areas applicable to well testing will be specially
considered.
1.2 Definitions and categories
1.2.1 A hazardous area is an area on the unit where flammable gas-air mixtures
are, or are likely to be, present in sufficient quantities and for sufficient
periods of time such as to require special precautions to be taken in the selection,
installation and use of machinery and electrical equipment.
1.2.2 Hazardous areas may be divided into Zones 0, 1 and 2, defined as
follows:
Zone 0: An area in which ignitable concentrations of flammable
gases or vapours are continuously present or present for long periods.
Zone 1: An area in which ignitable concentrations of flammable gases or
vapours are likely to occur in normal operation.
Zone 2: An area in which ignitable concentrations of flammable gases or
vapours are not likely to occur, or in which such a mixture, if it does occur, will
only exist for a short time.
Non-hazardous areas are those which are not classified as hazardous
according to the above definitions.
1.2.3 An enclosed space is considered to be any building, room or enclosure,
e.g. cabinet, within which, in the absence of artificial ventilation, the air
movement will be limited and any flammable atmosphere will not be dispersed
naturally.
1.2.4 A semi-enclosed space is considered to be a space which is adjoining an
open area where the natural ventilation conditions within the space are restricted
by structures such as decks, bulkheads or windbreaks in such a manner that they are
significantly different from those appertaining to the open deck, and where
dispersion of gas may be impeded.
1.2.5 When an enclosed or semi-enclosed space is provided with a mechanical
ventilation system which ensures at least 12 air changes/hour and no pockets of
stagnant air within the space, such a space may be regarded as an open space.
1.2.6 An open space is an area that is open-air without stagnant regions where
vapours are rapidly dispersed by wind and natural convection. Typically, air
velocities will rarely be less than 0,5 metres per second and will frequently be
above 2 metres per second.
1.2.7 Under normal operating conditions, a hazardous zone or space may arise
from the presence of any of the following:
- Spaces or tanks containing any of the
following:
- Flammable liquid having a flash point not exceeding 60°C
closed-cup test;
- Flammable liquid having a flash point above 60°C
closed-cup test, heated or raised by ambient conditions to a
temperature within 15°C of its flash point;
- Flammable gas.
- Piping systems or equipment containing fluid defined by Pt 7, Ch 2, 1.2 Definitions and categories 1.2.7.(a) and having flanged joints,
glands or other fittings through which leakage of fluid may occur.
- Piping systems or equipment containing flammable liquid not
defined by Pt 7, Ch 2, 1.2 Definitions and categories 1.2.7.(a), and having flanged joints,
glands or other fittings through which leakage of fluid in the form of a
fine spray or mist could occur.
- Equipment associated with processes such as battery charging or
electrochlorination which generate flammable gas as a by-product, and having
vents or other openings from which gas may be released.
1.2.8 Release of explosive gas-air mixtures may be categorised into
continuous, primary and secondary grades:
- Continuous grades of release include the following:
- The surface of a flammable liquid in a closed tank or
pipe.
- A vent or other opening which releases flammable gases
or vapours frequently, continuously or for long periods.
- Primary grades of release include the
following:
- Pumps and compressors with standard seals, and valves,
flanges and fittings containing flammable fluids if release of fluid
to atmosphere during normal operation may be expected.
- Sample points and process equipment drains, which may
release flammable fluid to atmosphere during normal operation.
- Pig launcher and receiver doors, which are opened
frequently.
- Vents which frequently release small quantities, or
occasionally release larger quantities, of flammable gases to
atmosphere.
- Tanks or openings of the active mud circulating system
between the well and the final degasser discharge, which may release
gas during normal operation.
- Drilling operations in enclosed or semi-enclosed
spaces, see
Pt 7, Ch 2, 3 Hazardous areas – Drilling, workover and wirelining operations.
- Secondary grades of release, include the
following:
- Pumps and compressors, and valves, flanges and fittings
containing flammable fluids.
- Vents which release flammable gases intermittently to
atmosphere.
- Tanks or openings of the mud circulating system from
the final degasser discharge to the mud pump connection at the mud
pit.
- Drilling, workover and wirelining operations in open
spaces, see
Pt 7, Ch 2, 3 Hazardous areas – Drilling, workover and wirelining operations.
1.3 Documentation
1.3.1 Single copies, unless otherwise stated, of the following documentation on
‘hazardous areas’ are to be submitted for consideration:
- Hazardous area classification philosophy.
- Hazardous area classification design specifications.
- Facility layout plans (plot plans).
- Hazardous area classification schedule (data sheets), see
also
Pt 7, Ch 2, 1.3 Documentation 1.3.2.
- Hazardous area classification plans.
1.3.2 It is expected that the data sheets, referred to in Pt 7, Ch 2, 1.3 Documentation 1.3.1, include, but are not limited to, the
following information:
- Equipment identification.
- Operating conditions.
- Media and media properties.
- Fluid category.
- Sources of potential release.
- Grades of release.
- Venting rates.
- Hazardous zones determined.
- Dimension of each hazardous zone.
- Code or Standard used for reference.
1.3.3 Single copies, unless otherwise stated, of the following plans and
particulars on ‘ventilation’ are to be submitted for consideration:
- Ventilation design philosophy.
- Ventilation design specifications.
- Ventilation layout plans.
- Ducting and instrumentation plans (D & IDs).
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