Section 6 Routes to conformance

6.1.1 Plans/procedures as required by the Rules are to be approved by LR.

6.1.2 In general, LR acceptance of engineering systems or equipment is by the producer demonstrating compliance with the LR Type Approval system (see Vol 2, Pt 1, Ch 1, 9 Type approval system (for information)). Alternatively, approval of individual systems or equipment may be carried out on the basis of Design Appraisal combined with testing or acceptable service experience.

6.1.3 Conformance with the Construction Requirements of systems or equipment is to be demonstrated through compliance with Quality Assurance Scheme for Machinery or survey of individual items at the manufacturer's works.

6.1.4 Materials are to have certificates acceptable to LR, see Vol 2, Pt 1, Ch 1, 7 Certification of materials.

6.1.5 Testing of components, equipment and systems after manufacture is to comply with the Rules and any applicable standards and codes.

6.2.1 All major units of equipment within the Mobility category, and where specifically required within the Ship Type category and Ancillary category, are to be individually surveyed at the manufacturer's works or meet the requirements of the Quality Assurance Scheme for Machinery. The workmanship is to be to the Surveyor's satisfaction and the Surveyor is to be satisfied that the components are suitable for the intended purpose and duty. Examples of such units are:

• Main propulsion prime movers (engines, gas turbines and steam turbines) including their associated gearing, flexible couplings and turbochargers as applicable.
• Boilers supplying steam for propulsion or for services essential for the safety or the operation of the ship at sea, including superheaters, economisers, desuperheaters, steam heated steam generators and steam receivers. All other boilers having working pressures exceeding 3,4 bar and having heating surfaces greater than 4,65 m².
• Auxiliary engines which are the source of power for services essential for safety or for the operation of the ship at sea.
• Steering machinery.
• Athwartship thrust units, their prime movers and control mechanisms.
• All pumps necessary for the operation of main propulsion and essential machinery, e.g. boiler feed, cooling water circulating, condensate extraction, fuel oil and lubricating oil pumps.
• All heat exchangers necessary for the operation of main propulsion and essential machinery, e.g. air, water and lubricating oil coolers, fuel oil and feed water heaters, de-aerators and condensers, evaporators and distiller units.
• Air compressors, air receivers and other pressure vessels necessary for the operation of main propulsion and essential machinery. Any other unfired pressure vessels for which plans are required to be submitted as detailed in Vol 2, Pt 8, Ch 2 Other Pressure Vessels
• All pumps essential for safety of the ship, e.g. fire, bilge and ballast pumps.
• Valves and other components intended for installation in essential piping systems, see Vol 2, Pt 7, Ch 1, 2.2 Definitions 2.2.1 having working pressures exceeding 7 bar.
• Alarm and control equipment as detailed in Vol 2, Pt 9, Ch 7 Control, Alerts and Safety Systems
• Electrical equipment and electrical propelling machinery as detailed in Vol 2, Pt 9 Electrotechnical Systems

6.3.1 The Surveyors are to examine and test the materials and workmanship from the commencement of work until the final test of the machinery under full power and any other specified working conditions. Any defects, etc. are to be indicated as early as possible. On completion, a certificate will be issued and an appropriate notation will be assigned in accordance with the Regulations.

6.4.1 Where items of machinery are manufactured as individual or series produced units, consideration will be given to the adoption of a survey procedure based on quality assurance concepts utilising regular and systematic audits of the approved manufacturing and quality control processes and procedures as an alternative to the direct survey of individual items.

6.4.2 In order to obtain approval, the requirements of Vol 2, Pt 1, Ch 1, 8 Quality Assurance Scheme for Machinery are to be complied with.

6.5.1 Where required by the assessment process in Table 1.5.1 Assessment process for engineering systems, engineering systems are to be installed under survey in accordance with approved plans and relevant LR Design Appraisal documentation and LR Rules.

6.5.2 Documentation required during installation is to be available for inspection by the Owners and LR Surveyors. Such documentation may include:

• Design Appraisal Documents.
• Type Test Certificates.
• Materials Certificates.
• Type Approval Certificates.
• Quality Assurance Certificates.
• Certificates of Construction.

6.6.1 Engineering systems are to be tested on completion of installation to demonstrate functionality and suitability for purpose in accordance with LR Rules.

6.6.2 Records of trials and testing required by the assessment process in Table 1.5.1 Assessment process for engineering systems are to be maintained on board the ship.

6.7.1 Where required by the assessment process in Table 1.5.1 Assessment process for engineering systems and in the Regulations, engineering systems are to be surveyed at intervals defined in the Regulations.

6.7.2  Records of in-service survey where carried out by the Marine Engineering Officer are to be maintained on board the ship, as defined in the Regulations.

6.8.1 Details of modifications to engineering systems or equipment are, as required by Table 1.5.1 Assessment process for engineering systems to be submitted to LR for consideration.

6.8.2 Records of all modifications to in-service engineering systems that may alter the provisions of classification, are to be maintained on board the ship.

6.9.1 Details of de-commissioning of engineering systems, as required by Table 1.5.1 Assessment process for engineering systems, are to be submitted to LR for consideration.

6.9.2 Records of de-commissioning of all equipment and systems that may alter the provisions of classification are to be maintained on board the ship.

6.10.1 Where propulsion and auxiliary machinery is maintained using an ‘upkeep by exchange’ policy, details of the system are to be submitted to LR for approval.

6.10.2 Where an ‘upkeep by exchange’ system has been approved, plans of individual replacement units are not required to be submitted provided there have been no changes since the original approval. The manufacture and testing of the replacement units is to be in accordance with the relevant Rule requirements.

6.10.3 Records of each ‘upkeep by exchange’ are to be maintained on board the ship and LR is to witness running tests on load after each exchange. A record history is to be maintained for each exchange unit in the form of a log book.

6.11.1 In addition to cases where direct calculations are specifically required by the Rules, LR will consider alternative arrangements that have been derived by direct calculations in lieu of specific Rule requirements. All direct calculations are to be submitted for examination.

6.11.2 Where items are of a novel or unconventional design or manufacture, it is the responsibility of the designer to demonstrate their suitability and equivalence to the Rule requirements. See Requirements for Machinery and Engineering Systems of Unconventional Design, Vol 2, Pt 1, Ch 2 Requirements for Machinery and Engineering Systems of Unconventional Design.

6.11.3 Alternative arrangements or fittings that are considered to be equivalent to the Rule requirements will be accepted in accordance with Vol 1, Pt 1, Ch 3, 3.2 Hull.