Section 1 Requirements for machinery and engineering systems of unconventional design
Clasification Society 2024 - Version 9.40
Clasifications Register Rules and Regulations - Rules and Regulations for the Classification of Naval Ships, January 2023 - Volume 2 Machinery and Engineering Systems - Part 1 General Requirements - Chapter 2 Requirements for Machinery and Engineering Systems of Unconventional Design - Section 1 Requirements for machinery and engineering systems of unconventional design

Section 1 Requirements for machinery and engineering systems of unconventional design

Parent topic: Chapter 2 Requirements for Machinery and Engineering Systems of Unconventional Design

1.1 General – Scope and objectives

1.1.1 The requirements of this Section aim to ensure that risks to maritime safety and the environment, stemming from the introduction of machinery or engineering systems of unconventional design, are addressed insofar as they affect the objectives of naval classification.

1.1.2 The requirements of this Section are to be satisfied where machinery is required to be constructed, installed and tested in accordance with Lloyd’s Register’s (LR's) Rules and Regulations and for which the corresponding machinery class notation is to be assigned, see Vol 1, Pt 1, Ch 2, 3.9 Machinery and Engineering Systems notations.

1.1.3 The requirements apply to machinery and engineering systems considered by LR to be of unconventional design and which, as a result, are not directly addressed by LR’s extant Rules and Regulations. It should be noted however, that the general requirements of LR’s Rules and Regulations are to be satisfied as applicable.

1.1.4 Compliance with ISO/IEC15288 Systems Engineering – System Life Cycle Processes or an acceptable equivalent National Standard may be accepted as meeting the requirements of Vol 2, Pt 1, Ch 2, 1.3 Project management.

1.2 Documents required for design review

1.2.1 Information is to be submitted for assessment of compliance with the general requirements of LR’s Rules and Regulations, including the general requirements for:

  1. Machinery, see Vol 2, Pt 1, Ch 1 General Requirements for Classification of Engineering Systems and Vol 2, Pt 1, Ch 3 Requirements for Design, Construction, Installation and Sea Trials of Engineering Systems;

  2. Steam raising plant and pressure vessels see Vol 2, Pt 8, Ch 1 Steam Raising Plant and Associated Pressure Vessels and Vol 2, Pt 8, Ch 2 Other Pressure Vessels;

  3. Machinery and ship piping systems, see Vol 2, Pt 7, Ch 2 Ship Piping Systems, Vol 2, Pt 7, Ch 3 Machinery Piping Systems and Vol 2, Pt 7, Ch 5 Ship Type Piping Systems;

  4. Control, Alerts and Safety Systems, see Vol 2, Pt 9, Ch 7 Control, Alerts and Safety Systems;

  5. Electrotechnical Systems, see Vol 2, Pt 9 Electrotechnical Systems;

  6. Materials, see the Rules for the Manufacture, Testing and Certification of Materials, July 2022 .

1.2.2 In addition to the information identified in Vol 2, Pt 1, Ch 2, 1.2 Documents required for design review 1.2.1, the information described in Vol 2, Pt 1, Ch 2, 1.2 Documents required for design review 1.2.3 and Vol 2, Pt 1, Ch 2, 1.2 Documents required for design review 1.2.4 is also to be submitted for consideration.

1.2.3 A System Design Description detailing the extent of the machinery or engineering system is to be provided. This is to describe the shipboard services the system is to provide, its operating principles, and its functionality and capability when operating in the environment to which it is likely to be exposed under both normal and foreseeable abnormal conditions. See Vol 2, Pt 1, Ch 3, 3.5 System design description The System Design Description is to be supported by the following information as applicable:

  1. System block diagram.

  2. Piping and instrumentation diagrams.

  3. Description of operating modes, including: Start-up, shutdown, automatic, reversionary, manual and emergency.

  4. Description of safety related arrangements, including: Safeguards, automatic safety systems and interfaces with ships' safety systems.

  5. Description of connections to other shipboard machinery, equipment and systems, including:
    Electrical, mechanical, fluids and automation.

  6. Plans of physical arrangements, including: Location, operational access and maintenance access.

  7. System Operational Concept document, where appropriate, see Vol 2, Pt 1, Ch 3, 3.4 System operational concept.

  8. Operating manuals, including:
    Instructions for start-up, operation, shutdown, instructions for maintenance, instructions for adjustments to the performance and functionality and details of risk mitigation arrangements.

  9. Maintenance manuals, including:
    Instructions for routine maintenance, repair following failure, disposal of components and recommended spares inventory.

1.2.4 Project process documentation including:

  1. Project Management Plan, see Vol 2, Pt 1, Ch 2, 1.3 Project management;

  2. Requirements Definition Document, see Vol 2, Pt 1, Ch 2, 1.4 Requirements definition;

  3. Quality Assurance Plan, see Vol 2, Pt 1, Ch 2, 1.5 Quality assurance;

  4. Design Definition Document, see Vol 2, Pt 1, Ch 2, 1.6 Design definition;

  5. Risk Management Plan, see Vol 2, Pt 1, Ch 2, 1.7 Risk management;

  6. Configuration Management Plan, see Vol 2, Pt 1, Ch 2, 1.8 Configuration management;

  7. Verification Plan, see Vol 2, Pt 1, Ch 2, 1.9 Verification;

  8. Integration Plan, see Vol 2, Pt 1, Ch 2, 1.10 Integration;

  9. Validation Plan (certification and survey), see Vol 2, Pt 1, Ch 2, 1.11 Validation (certification and survey).

1.3 Project management

1.3.1 A project management procedure is to be established in order to define and manage the key project processes. The project processes are to include the processes described in Vol 2, Pt 1, Ch 2, 1.4 Requirements definition to Vol 2, Pt 1, Ch 2, 1.11 Validation (certification and survey).

1.3.2 For the entire project, and each of the processes within the project, the project management procedure is to define the following:

  1. Activities to be carried out.

  2. Required inputs and outputs.

  3. Roles of key personnel.

  4. Responsibilities of key personnel.

  5. Competence of key personnel.

  6. Schedules for the activities.

1.4 Requirements definition

1.4.1 A requirements definition procedure is to be established in order to define the functional behaviour and performance of the machinery or engineering system required by individual stakeholders, in the environments to which the machinery or engineering system is likely to be exposed under both normal and foreseeable emergency conditions.

1.4.2 The procedure is to take account of requirements resulting from key stakeholders, including:

  1. Ship’s owner.

  2. Ship’s operator.

  3. Ship’s crew.

  4. Shipyard.

  5. Systems integrator.

  6. Designers.

  7. Maintenance personnel.

  8. Surveyors.

  9. Manufacturers and suppliers.

  10. Naval Administration.

  11. LR.

1.4.3 The procedure is to take account of requirements resulting from the following influences:

  1. Operations that the ship is intended to perform during trials, at sea, while docking and training exercises, including those related to mission specific activities and degraded and reversionary modes of operation.

  2. Ship conditions during normal operations and conditions arising from accidents or reasonable foreseeable failures or misuse of ship equipment or systems.

  3. The environmental conditions that the equipment or systems will experience due to their location within the ship and due to the geographical location of the ship.

  4. The requirements of applicable legislation, naval, National and International Standards and classification rules, codes of practice and other instruments agreed by the key stakeholders.

  5. The number, availability, competence and overall capability of personnel involved with the use, maintenance, assessment and supervision of the system during ship operations.

  6. Design constraints identified through consideration of the lifecycle of the ship.

1.4.4 The procedure is to specify the functional behaviour and performance requirements and is to identify the source of the requirements.

1.5 Quality assurance

1.5.1 A quality assurance procedure is to be established in order to ensure that the quality of the machinery or engineering system is in accordance with a defined quality management system.

1.5.2 The procedure is to define the specific quality controls to be applied during the project in order to satisfy the requirements of the quality management system.

1.5.3 The quality management system is to satisfy the requirements of ISO9001:2000 Quality management systems – Requirements, or an equivalent acceptable National Standard.

1.6 Design definition

1.6.1 A design definition procedure is to be established in order to define the requirements for the design of machinery or an engineering system which satisfies stakeholder requirements, quality assurance requirements and complies with basic internationally recognised design requirements for safety and functionality.

1.6.2 The procedure is to ensure that the design of the machinery or engineering system satisfies:

  1. Statutory legislation.

  2. LR’s requirements.

  3. International Standards and codes of practice where relevant.

1.6.3 The procedure is to take account of stakeholder requirements, see Vol 2, Pt 1, Ch 2, 1.4 Requirements definition.

1.6.4 The procedure is to take account of quality assurance requirements, see Vol 2, Pt 1, Ch 2, 1.7 Risk management.

1.6.5 The procedure is to ensure that the requirements for the design of major components and subsystems of the machinery or engineering system can be verified before and after integration.

1.6.6 The procedure is to specify the design requirements and is to identify the source of the requirements.

1.6.7 Any deviations from stakeholder requirements are to be identified, justified and accepted by the originating stakeholder.

1.7 Risk management

1.7.1 A risk management procedure is to be established in order to ensure that any risks stemming from the introduction of the machinery or engineering system are addressed, in particular risks affecting:

  1. The structural strength and integrity of the ship’s hull.

  2. The safety of shipboard machinery and engineering systems.

  3. The safety of shipboard personnel.

  4. The reliability of Mobility systems, Ship Type systems, emergency machinery and engineering systems.

  5. The environment.

1.7.2 The procedure is to consider the hazards associated with installation, operation, maintenance and disposal both with the machinery or engineering system functioning correctly and following any reasonably foreseeable failure.

1.7.3 The procedure is to take account of stakeholder requirements, see Vol 2, Pt 1, Ch 2, 1.4 Requirements definition.

1.7.4 The procedure is to take account of design requirements, see Vol 2, Pt 1, Ch 2, 1.6 Design definition.

1.7.5 The procedure is to ensure that hazards are identified using acceptable and recognised hazard identification techniques, (see Vol 2, Pt 1, Ch 3, 18 Risk Assessment (RA)), and that the effects of the following influences are considered:

  1. Operations that the ship is intended to perform during trials, in service, while docking and in harbour, including those related to mission specific activities and degraded and reversionary modes of operation.

  2. Ship conditions under normal and reasonably foreseeable abnormal operating conditions arising from failures or misuse of ship equipment or systems.

  3. Configurations and modes of operation provided for the intended control of machinery and engineering systems.

  4. The environmental conditions that the equipment or systems will experience due to their location within the ship and due to the geographical location in which the ship operates.

  5. The reliance and effects on the operation of engineering systems and machinery of the provision and availability of supplies and services and user interaction, including assessment of interdependencies.

  6. The environmental impact of the ship throughout its lifecycle.

1.7.6 The procedure is to ensure that risks are analysed using acceptable and recognised Risk Assessment techniques, (see Vol 2, Pt 1, Ch 3, 18 Risk Assessment (RA)), and that the following consequences are considered:

  1. Loss of function.

  2. Loss of services essential to the safety of the ship, services essential to the safety of shipboard personnel and services essential to the protection of the environment.

  3. Damage to components.

  4. Damage caused by fire, explosion, electric shock, harmful releases and hazardous releases.

1.7.7 The procedure is to ensure that risks are eliminated wherever possible. Risks which cannot be eliminated are to be mitigated as necessary.

1.7.8 Details of risks, and the means by which they are mitigated, are to be included in the operating manual, see Vol 2, Pt 1, Ch 2, 1.2 Documents required for design review 1.2.3.

1.8 Configuration management

1.8.1 A configuration management procedure is to be established in order to ensure traceability of the configuration of the machinery or engineering system, its subsystems and its components.

1.8.2 The procedure is to identify items essential for the safety or operation of the machinery or engineering system, and which could foreseeably be changed during the life time of the machinery or engineering system, including:

  1. Documentation.

  2. Software.

  3. Sensors.

  4. Actuators.

  5. Instrumentation modules, boards and cards.

  6. Valves.

  7. Pumps.

1.8.3 The procedure is to take account of the design requirements, see Vol 2, Pt 1, Ch 2, 1.6 Design definition.

1.8.4 The procedure is to include items used to mitigate risks, see Vol 2, Pt 1, Ch 2, 1.7 Risk management.

1.8.5 The procedure is to ensure that any changes to configuration control items are:

  1. Identified.

  2. Recorded.

  3. Evaluated.

  4. Approved.

  5. Incorporated.

  6. Verified.

1.9 Verification

1.9.1 A verification procedure is to be established in order to ensure that subsystems and major components of the machinery or engineering system satisfy their design requirements.

1.9.2 The procedure is to verify design requirements, see Vol 2, Pt 1, Ch 2, 1.6 Design definition.

1.9.3 The procedure is to identify the requirements to be verified, the means by which they are to be verified, and the points in the project at which verification is to be carried out.

1.9.4 The procedure is to be based on one or a combination of the following activities as appropriate:

  1. Design review.

  2. Product inspection.

  3. Process audit.

  4. Product testing.

1.10 Integration

1.10.1 An integration procedure is to be established in order to ensure that the machinery or engineering system is assembled in a sequence which allows verification of individual subsystems and major components following integration in advance of validating the entire machinery or engineering system.

1.10.2 The procedure is to take account of the verification requirements, see Vol 2, Pt 1, Ch 2, 1.9 Verification.

1.10.3 The procedure is to identify the subsystems and major components, the sequence in which they are to be integrated, the points in the project at which integration is to be carried out, and the points in the project at which verification is to be carried out.

1.11 Validation (certification and survey)

1.11.1 A validation procedure is to be established in order to ensure the functional behaviour and performance of the machinery or engineering system meets with its functional and performance requirements.

1.11.2 The procedure is to validate stakeholder requirements, see Vol 2, Pt 1, Ch 2, 1.4 Requirements definition.

1.11.3 The procedure is to validate arrangements required to mitigate risks, see Vol 2, Pt 1, Ch 2, 1.7 Risk management.

1.11.4 The procedure is to validate the traceability of the configuration control items, see Vol 2, Pt 1, Ch 2, 1.8 Configuration management.

1.11.5 The procedure is to identify the requirements to be validated, the means by which they are be validated and the points in the project at which validation is to be carried out, including:

  1. Factory acceptance testing.

  2. Integration testing.

  3. Commissioning.

  4. Sea trials.

  5. Survey.
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