Section
2 Design aspects
2.1 Design pressure
2.1.1 The design pressure P
o, used to determine minimum scantlings of piping and piping system
components, shall be not less than the maximum gauge pressure to which the system
may be subjected in service. The minimum design pressure used shall not be less than
1 MPa except for; open ended lines or pressure relief valve discharge lines where it
shall be not less than the lower of 0,5 MPa, or 10 times the relief valve set
pressure.
2.1.2 The greater of the following design conditions shall be used for piping,
piping systems and components, based on the cargoes being carried:
- for vapour piping systems or components that may be separated
from their relief valves and which may contain some liquid: the saturated
vapour pressure at a design temperature of 45°C. Higher or lower values may
be used (see
Pt 11, Ch 4, 3.3 Functional loads 3.3.2.(b)); or
- for systems or components that may be separated from their
relief valves and which contain only vapour at all times: the superheated
vapour pressure at 45°C. Higher or lower values may be used, see
Pt 11, Ch 4, 3.3 Functional loads 3.3.2.(b), assuming an initial condition of saturated vapour in
the system at the system operating pressure and temperature; or
- the MARVS of the cargo tanks and cargo processing systems;
or
- the pressure setting of the associated pump or compressor
discharge relief valve; or
- the maximum total discharge or loading head of the cargo piping
system considering all possible pumping arrangements or the relief valve
setting on a pipeline system.
2.1.3 Those parts of the liquid piping systems that may be subjected to surge
pressures shall be designed to withstand this pressure.
2.1.4 The design pressure of the outer pipe or duct of gas fuel systems shall
not be less than the maximum working pressure of the inner gas pipe. Alternatively
for gas fuel piping systems with a working pressure greater than 1 MPa, the design
pressure of the outer duct shall not be less than the maximum built-up pressure
arising in the annular space considering the local instantaneous peak pressure in
way of any rupture and the ventilation arrangements.
2.2 Cargo system valve requirements
2.2.1 Every cargo tank and piping system shall be fitted with
manually-operated valves for isolation purposes as specified in this Section.
In addition, remotely operated valves shall also be fitted, as
appropriate, as part of the emergency shut-down (ESD) system. The purpose of this
ESD system is to stop cargo flow or leakage in the event of an emergency when cargo
liquid or vapour transfer is in progress.
The ESD system is intended to return the cargo system to a safe static
condition so that any remedial action can be taken. Due regard shall be given in the
design of the ESD system to avoid the generation of surge pressures within the cargo
transfer pipework.
The equipment to be shut down on ESD activation includes; manifold
valves during loading or discharge, any pump or compressor etc transferring cargo
internally or externally (e.g. to a shuttle tanker) plus cargo tank valves if the
MARVS exceeds 0,07 MPa.
2.2.2
Cargo tank connections
- All liquid and vapour connections, except for safety relief
valves and liquid level gauging devices, shall have shut-off valves located
as close to the tank as practicable. These valves shall provide full closure
and shall be capable of local manual operation; they may also be capable of
remote operation.
For cargo tanks with a MARVS exceeding 0,07
MPa, the above connections shall also be equipped with remotely
controlled ESD valves. These valves shall be located as close to the
tank as practicable. A single valve may be substituted for the two
separate valves provided the valve complies with the requirements of
Pt 11, Ch 18, 4.2 ESD valve requirements and provides full closure of the line.
2.2.3
Cargo offloading connections
- The offloading station is to provide a remotely controlled ESD
valve prior to the hose connection to prevent liquid and vapour to or from
the facility in the event of an incident. In the event that one or more
transfer hoses are not used a manual and controlled by permit (or similar
method) stop valve is to be provided prior to the hose connection.
In the event that the vapour return line is closed the ESD
system is to be designed to stop all cargo pumping.
If the cargo tank MARVS exceeds 0,07 MPa an additional manual valve
shall be provided for each transfer connection in use, and may be
inboard or outboard of the ESD valve to suit the design of the ship
unit.
2.2.4 Cargo tank connections for gauging or measuring devices need not be
equipped with excess flow valves or ESD valves provided that the devices are
constructed so that the outward flow of tank contents cannot exceed that passed by a
1,5 mm diameter circular hole.
2.2.5 All pipelines or components which may be isolated in a liquid full
condition shall be protected with relief valves for thermal expansion and
evaporation.
2.2.6 All pipelines or components which may be isolated automatically due to a
fire with a liquid volume of more than 0,05 m3 entrapped shall be
provided with PRVs sized for a fire condition.
2.3 Cargo transfer arrangements
2.3.1 Where cargo transfer is by means of cargo pumps that are not accessible
for repair with the tanks in service, at least two separate means shall be provided
to transfer cargo from each cargo tank and the design shall be such that failure of
one cargo pump or means of transfer will not prevent the cargo transfer by another
pump or pumps, or other cargo transfer means.
2.3.3
Vapour return connections
- Connections for vapour return from the shuttle tanker to the
ship unit shall be provided.
2.3.4
Cargo tank vent piping systems
- The pressure relief system shall be connected to a vent piping
system designed to minimise the possibility of cargo vapour accumulating on
the decks, or entering accommodation spaces, service spaces, control
stations and machinery spaces, or other spaces where it may create a
dangerous condition.
2.3.5
Cargo sampling connections
- Connections to cargo piping systems for taking cargo liquid
samples shall be clearly marked and shall be designed to minimise the
release of cargo vapours.
- Liquid sampling systems shall be provided
with two valves on the sample inlet. One of these valves shall be of the
multi-turn type to avoid accidental opening, and shall be spaced far enough
apart to ensure that they can isolate the line if there is blockage, by ice
or hydrates for example.
- On closed loop systems, the valves on the return pipe shall also
comply with Pt 11, Ch 5, 2.3 Cargo transfer arrangements 2.3.5.(b).
- The connection to the sample container shall comply with a
recognised Standard and be supported so as to be able to support the weight
of a sample container. Threaded connections shall be tack-welded, or
otherwise locked, to prevent them being unscrewed during the normal
connection and disconnection of sample containers. The sample connection
shall be fitted with a closure plug or flange to prevent any leakage when
the connection is not in use.
- Sample connections used only for vapour
samples may be fitted with a single valve in accordance with Pt 11, Ch 5, 2.2 Cargo system valve requirements, Pt 11, Ch 5, 4.1 Piping fabrication and joining details and Pt 11, Ch 5, 6.2 Testing requirements, and shall also be fitted with a closure plug or
flange.
- Sampling operations shall be undertaken as in Pt 11, Ch 18, 2 Storage and transfer.
2.3.6
Cargo filters
- It is anticipated that liquefied gas facilities will remove
contaminants before liquefaction. In the event that further filtration is
anticipated, e.g. cool down during commissioning, the following shall be
applied.
The cargo liquid and vapour systems shall be capable
of being fitted with filters to protect against damage by foreign
objects. Such filters may be permanent or temporary, and the standards
of filtration shall be appropriate to the risk of debris, etc. entering
the cargo system. Means shall be provided to indicate that filters are
becoming blocked. Means shall be provided to isolate, depressurise and
clean the filters safely.
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