Section
17 Fire safety systems
17.1 Fire detection and fire alarm
systems
17.1.2 Fire
detection and alarm systems are to be provided with at least two power
supplies. One supply is to be connected to the main source of electrical
power and another supply is to be connected to the emergency source
of electrical power required by Pt 16, Ch 2, 3.2 Emergency source of electrical power in passenger craft and for yachts that are 500 gt or more, Pt 16, Ch 2, 3.3 Emergency source of electrical power in craft required to comply with the HSC Code or Pt 16, Ch 2, 3.4 Emergency source of electrical power in cargo craft, patrol and pilot craft, workboats and other similar
craft of 500 tons gross tonnage and above; and cargo craft, patrol and pilot craft, workboats and other similar craft less
than 500 tons gross tonnage,
or an accumulator battery capable of supplying power for the same
period of time as the emergency source of electrical power. All power
supply feeders for fire detection and alarm systems are to be in accordance
with Pt 16, Ch 2, 11.6 Conductor size 11.6.4.
17.1.4 Where
an accumulator battery provides a power supply, on restoration of
the main source of electrical power, the rating of the charge unit
is to be sufficient to recharge the battery while maintaining the
output supply to the fire detection and alarm system.
17.1.5 Power
supplies from the main and emergency switchboards are to be supplied
by separate feeders that are reserved solely for this purpose. Where
the emergency feeder for the electrical equipment used in the operation
of the fixed fire detection and alarm system is supplied from the
emergency switchboard, it is to be run from this switchboard to the
automatic changeover switch without passing through any other switchboard.
17.1.6 A loop
circuit of an addressable fire detection system, capable of remotely
identifying individually each detector and manually operated call
point served by the circuit, from either end of the loop, may serve
spaces on both sides of the craft and on several decks, but is not
to be situated in more than one main vertical or horizontal fire zone,
nor is a loop circuit which covers an accommodation space, service
space and/or control station to include a machinery space of Category
A.
17.1.7 A loop
circuit of an addressable fire detection system may comprise one or
more sections of detectors and manually operated call points. Where
the loop comprises more than one section, the sections are to be separated
by devices which will ensure that, if a short-circuit occurs anywhere
in the loop, only the affected section of detectors and manually operated
call points will be isolated from the control panel. No section of
detectors and manually operated call points is in general to include
more than 50 detectors.
17.1.8 For a craft other than a passenger craft where the fire detection system
does not include means of remotely identifying each detector and manually operated call
point individually, no section covering more than one deck within accommodation, service
spaces and control stations is normally to be permitted except a section which covers an
enclosed stairway. The number of enclosed spaces in each section is to be limited to the
minimum considered necessary in order to avoid delay in identifying the source of fire.
In no case are more than 50 spaces permitted in any section.
17.1.9 A section
of fire detectors and manually operated call points is not to be situated
in more than one main vertical or horizontal fire zone. Additionally,
for craft required to comply with the HSC Code, a section of detectors
and manually operated call points of an addressable fire detection
system is neither to serve spaces on both sides of the craft nor on
more than one deck, except that:
-
a section of detectors
and manually operated call points may serve spaces on more than one
deck if those spaces are located in either the fore or aft end of
the craft, or they constitute common spaces, occupying several decks,
i.e. public spaces, enclosed stairways, etc.
-
in craft of less
than 20 m in breadth, a section of detectors and manually operated
call points may serve spaces on both sides of the craft.
17.1.10 The
wiring for each section of detectors and manually operated call points
in an addressable fire detector system is to be separated as widely
as practicable from that of all other sections on the same loop. Where
practicable, no loop is to pass through a space twice. When this is
not practicable, such as in large public spaces, the part of the loop
which by necessity passes through the space for a second time is to
be installed at the maximum possible distance from other parts of
the loop.
17.2 Automatic sprinkler, fire detection and
fire alarm systems
17.2.1 Any
electrically driven power pump, provided solely for the purpose of
continuing automatically the discharge of water from the sprinklers,
is to be brought into action automatically by the pressure drop in
the system before the standing fresh water charge in the pressure
tank is completely exhausted.
17.2.2 For
passenger craft, electrically driven sea-water pumps for automatic
sprinkler systems are to be served by not less than two circuits reserved
solely for this purpose, one fed from the main source of electrical
power and one from the emergency source of electrical power. Such
feeders are to be connected to an automatic change-over switch situated
near the sprinkler pump and the switch is to be normally closed to
the feeder from the main source of electrical power. No other switches
are permitted in the feeders. The switches on the main and emergency
switchboards are to be clearly labelled and normally kept closed.
17.2.3 The
automatic alarm and detection system is to be fed by exclusive feeders
from two sources of electrical power, one of which is to be an emergency
source, with automatic change-over facilities located in, or adjacent
to, the main alarm and detection panel.
17.2.4 Feeders
for the sea-water pump and the automatic alarm and detection system
are to be arranged so as to avoid galleys, machinery spaces and other
enclosed spaces of high fire risk, except in so far as it is necessary
to reach the appropriate switch boards. The cables are to be of a
fire resistant type where they pass through such high risk areas.
17.3 Fixed water-based local application fire-fighting systems
17.3.1 Where
fixed water-based local application fire-fighting system pressure
sources are reliant on external power they need only be supplied by
the main source of electrical power.
17.3.2 The
fire detection, control and alarm systems are to be provided with
an emergency source of electrical power required by Pt 16, Ch 2, 3.2 Emergency source of electrical power in passenger craft and for yachts that are 500 gt or more, Pt 16, Ch 2, 3.3 Emergency source of electrical power in craft required to comply with the HSC Code or Pt 16, Ch 2, 3.4 Emergency source of electrical power in cargo craft, patrol and pilot craft, workboats and other similar
craft of 500 tons gross tonnage and above; and cargo craft, patrol and pilot craft, workboats and other similar craft less
than 500 tons gross tonnage and are also to be connected to
the main source of electrical power. Separate feeders, reserved solely
for this purpose, with automatic changeover facilities located in,
or adjacent to, the main control panel are to be provided.
17.3.4 Means
to activate a system are to be located at easily accessible positions
inside and outside the protected space. Arrangements inside the space
are to be situated such that they will not be cut off by a fire in
the protected areas and are suitable for activation in the event of
escape. Where it is proposed to install local activation means outside
of the protected space, details are to be submitted for consideration.
17.3.6 As far
as is practicable, electrical and electronic equipment is not to be
located within protected areas or adjacent areas. The system pump,
its electrical motor and the sea valve if any, may be in a protected
space provided that they are outside areas where water or spray may
extend.
17.3.7 High
voltage equipment and their enclosures are not to be installed in
protected areas or adjacent areas. For high voltage generators enclosures
which cannot be fully located outside of adjacent areas due to close
proximity, a technical justification, including proposed degree of
protection ratings that are normally not to be lower that IP54, may
be submitted for consideration that demonstrates the overall safety
of the installation in the event of system operation.
17.3.8 In addition
to the degree of protection requirements of Pt 16, Ch 2, 1.11 Location and construction 1.11.1, electrical and electronic
equipment enclosures located within protected areas and within adjacent
areas are to provide adequate protection in the event of system operation.
17.3.9 To demonstrate
compliance with Pt 16, Ch 2, 17.3 Fixed water-based local application fire-fighting systems 17.3.8, evidence
of the suitability of electrical and electronic equipment for use
in protected areas and adjacent areas is to be submitted in accordance
with Pt 16, Ch 2, 1.2 Documentation required for design review 1.2.12. The evidence is
to demonstrate that additional precautions have been taken, where
necessary, in respect of:
-
satisfying Pt 16, Ch 2, 17.3 Fixed water-based local application fire-fighting systems 17.3.6 and Pt 16, Ch 2, 17.3 Fixed water-based local application fire-fighting systems 17.3.7;
-
personnel protection
against electric shock;
-
cooling airflow,
where necessary, for equipment required to operate during system operation;
and
-
maintenance requirements
for equipment before return to operation following system activation.
Any test evidence submitted is to consider the overall installation,
including equipment types, system configuration and nozzles and the
potential effects of airflows in the protected space.
17.3.10 The
evidence required by Pt 16, Ch 2, 17.3 Fixed water-based local application fire-fighting systems 17.3.9 is
to demonstrate the safe and effective operation of the overall arrangements
in the event of system operation. This evidence is to demonstrate
that exposure to system spray and/or water:
- cannot result in loss of essential services (e.g. unintended activation
of automatic machinery shutdown);
- cannot result in loss of availability of emergency services;
- will not affect the continued safe and effective operation of
electrical and electronic equipment required to operate during the
required period of system operation;
- does not present additional electrical or fire hazards; and
- would require only identified readily replaceable components to
be repaired or replaced.
The installation of electrical and electronic equipment required
to provide essential or emergency services in enclosures with a degree
of protection less than IP44 within areas exposed to direct spray
is to be acceptable to LR, and evidence of suitability is to be submitted
accordingly.
17.3.12 Shared
electrically-driven sea-water pumps are to be served by not less than
two circuits reserved solely for this purpose, one fed from the main
source of electrical power and one from the emergency source of electrical
power. Such feeders are to be connected to an automatic changeover
switch situated near the pumps and the switch is to be normally closed
to the feeder from the main source of electrical power. No other switches
are permitted in the feeders. The switches on the main and emergency
switchboards are to be clearly labelled and normally kept closed.
17.3.13 Failure
of a component in the power and control system is not to result in
a reduction of the total available pump capacity below that required
by any of the areas which the system is required to protect. For equivalent
automatic sprinkler systems, a failure is not to prevent automatic
release or reduce sprinkler pump capacity by more than 50 per cent.
17.3.14 Where
fire-fighting systems share fire-fighting pumps, failure of one system
is not to prevent activation of the pumps by any other system.
17.4 Fire pumps
17.4.1 When
the emergency fire pump is electrically driven, the power is to be
supplied by a source other than that supplying the main fire pumps.
This source is to be located outside the machinery spaces containing
the main fire pumps and their source of power and drive units.
17.4.2 The
cables to the emergency fire pump are not to pass through the machinery
spaces containing the main fire pumps and their source of power and
drive units. The cables are to be of a fire resistant type where they
pass through other high fire risk areas.
17.5 Fixed gas fire-extinguishing
systems
17.5.1 Where there are electrically driven refrigeration units for carbon dioxide
fire-extinguishing systems, one unit is to be supplied by the main source of electrical
power and the other unit from the emergency source of electrical power.
17.5.2 Each electrically driven carbon dioxide refrigerating unit is to be
arranged for automatic operation in the event of loss of the alternative unit.
17.5.3 Where it is required that alarms be provided to warn of the release of a
fire-extinguishing medium, and these are electrically operated;
- they are to be provided with an emergency source of electrical
power, as required by:
- Pt 16, Ch 2, 3.2 Emergency source of electrical power in passenger craft and for yachts that are 500 gt or more or;
- Pt 16, Ch 2, 3.3 Emergency source of electrical power in craft required to comply with the HSC Code or;
- Pt 16, Ch 2, 3.4 Emergency source of electrical power in cargo craft, patrol and pilot craft, workboats and other similar
craft of 500 tons gross tonnage and above; and cargo craft, patrol and pilot craft, workboats and other similar craft less
than 500 tons gross tonnage
- also connected to the main source of electrical power, with
automatic changeover facilities located in, or adjacent to, the fire-extinguishing
media release panel, see also
Pt 16, Ch 2, 1.15 Alarms and
- Failure of any power supply is to operate an audible and visual
alarm, see also
Pt 16, Ch 2, 1.15 Alarms and Pt 16, Ch 2, 1.16 Operation under fire conditions.
17.6 Fire safety stops
17.6.1 In order
to limit the fire growth potential in every space of the craft, means
for controlling the air supply to the spaces and flammable liquids
within the spaces are to be provided.
17.6.2 To control
air supply, a means of stopping all forced and induced draught fans,
and all ventilation fans serving accommodation spaces, service spaces,
control stations and machinery spaces from an easily accessible position
outside of the space being served is to be provided. The position
is not to be readily cut off in the event of a fire in the spaces
served by the fans.
17.6.3 In passenger
craft carrying more than 36 passengers, a second means of stopping
ventilation fans serving accommodation spaces, service spaces and
control stations is to be provided at a position as far apart from
the position required by Pt 16, Ch 2, 17.6 Fire safety stops 17.6.2 as
is practicable. At both positions, the controls are to be grouped
so that all fans can be stopped from either of the two positions.
17.6.4 A second
means of stopping ventilation fans serving machinery spaces is to
be provided at a position as far apart from the position required
by Pt 16, Ch 2, 17.6 Fire safety stops 17.6.2 as is practicable.
At both positions the controls are to be grouped so that all fans
are operable from either of the two positions. The means for stopping
machinery space ventilation fans are to be entirely separate from
the means for stopping fans serving all other spaces.
17.6.5 In passenger
craft, the means of stopping machinery ventilation fans required by Pt 16, Ch 2, 17.6 Fire safety stops 17.6.2 is to be located at the central
control station which is to have safe access from the open deck. The
central control station is to be provided with ventilation fan OFF
status indications, together with a means for restarting the ventilation
fans.
17.6.6 In passenger
craft carrying 36 passengers or more with main laundries, electrically
operated fire dampers fitted at the lower end of the laundry exhaust
ducts required to comply with relevant statutory regulations are to
be fitted with additional remote-control arrangements for shutting
off the exhaust fans and supply fans and operating the fire dampers
from within the space.
17.6.7 To control
flammable liquids, a means of stopping all fuel oil, lubricating oil,
hydraulic oil, cargo oil and thermal oil pumps oil purifiers from
outside the spaces being served is to be provided. The position is
not to be cut off in the event of a fire.
17.6.8 Means
of cutting off all electrical power to the galley except lighting
circuits, in the event of a fire, is to be provided outside the galley
exits, at positions which will not readily be rendered inaccessible
by such a fire.
17.6.9 Following
activation of any fire safety stops, a manual reset is to be provided
in order to restart the associated equipment.
17.6.11 High
speed craft bridge areas are to be provided with suitable emergency
means to:
-
close ventilation
openings and stop ventilating machinery supplying spaces covered by
fixed fire-extinguishing systems;
-
shut off fuel
supplies to machinery in main and auxiliary machinery spaces; and
-
stop main engine(s)
and auxiliary machinery.
Note These emergency means are to be sited in conjunction with
the required fixed fire extinguishing system activation means.
17.7 Fire doors
17.7.1 The
electrical power required for the control, indication and alarm circuits
of fire doors is to be provided by an emergency source of electrical
power as required by Pt 16, Ch 2, 3.2 Emergency source of electrical power in passenger craft and for yachts that are 500 gt or more. In passenger
craft carrying more than 36 passengers an alternative supply fed from
the main source of electrical power, with automatic change-over facilities,
is to be provided at the central control station. Failure of any power
supply is to operate an audible and visual alarm, see also
Pt 16, Ch 2, 1.15 Alarms and Pt 16, Ch 2, 1.16 Operation under fire conditions.
17.7.2 The
control and indication systems for the fire doors are to be designed
on the fail-safe principle with the release system having a manual
reset.
17.8 Fire dampers
17.8.2 The
control and indication systems for the fire dampers are to be designed
on the fail-safe principle with the release system having a manual
reset.
17.8.3 In passenger
craft carrying 36 passengers or more with main laundries, where electrically
operated fire dampers are required to comply with relevant statutory
regulations to be fitted at the lower end of exhaust ducts from any
main laundries, they are to be capable of automatic and remote operation.
17.8.4 For
craft required to comply with the HSC Code with galley range exhaust
ducts, electrically operated fire dampers fitted in the lower or upper
end of the duct are to be remotely operated and, additionally, the
fire damper at the lower end of the duct is to be automatically operated.
17.9 Electrically powered air compressors for breathing air cylinders
17.9.1 In
yachts that are 500 gt or more carrying more than 36 passengers where
electrically powered air compressors are installed as part of the
means required by the National Administration, for recharging breathing
apparatus air cylinders for fire-fighter’s outfits, the compressors
are to be supplied by the main and emergency sources of electrical
power. Details of the emergency supply electrical load, supply changeover
arrangements and operation under fire conditions are to be submitted
for consideration. The arrangements are to be to the satisfaction
of the National Administration with which the craft is registered.
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