Section 1 General requirements

1.1.1 The requirements of this Chapter are applicable to reciprocating internal combustion engines operating on liquid, gas or dual fuel for main propulsion and essential auxiliary services (hereinafter referred to as engines). Pt 5, Ch 2, 3 Crankshaft Design is not applicable to auxiliary engines having powers of less than 110 kW.

1.1.2 Engines providing power for services essential to the safety of the vessel are to be constructed under survey and in accordance with the requirements of this Chapter (see also Pt 1, Ch 2, 2.4 Class notations (machinery) 2.4.1).

1.2.1 For the purposes of this Chapter engine type, expressed by the manufacturer/licensor’s designation, is defined by:

1. the bore and stroke;

2. the method of injection (i.e. direct injection, indirect injection, pilot injection);

3. the fuel pump and injection system (independent line to fuel oil valve, common rail);

4. the valve and injection operation (by cams or electronically controlled);

5. the fuel(s) used (liquid, dual-fuel, gaseous, etc.);

6. the working cycle (4-stroke, 2-stroke);

7. the gas exchange (naturally aspirated, turbocharged, etc.);

8. the method of turbocharging (pulsating system, constant pressure system);

9. the charging air cooling system (with or without intercooler, number of stages);

10. cylinder arrangement (in-line, vee, etc.);

11. the maximum continuous power per cylinder (or maximum continuous brake mean effective pressure) at maximum continuous speed;

12. the manufacturer and type of governor (and control system if applicable) fitted.

1.2.2 A complete engine includes the control system, turbocharger(s) and all ancillary systems and equipment referred to in this Chapter that are used for operation of the engine for which there are rule requirements; this includes systems allowing the use of different fuel types.

1.2.3 Arrangements for dual fuel engines will be specially considered.

1.2.4 Primary exhaust gas emissions abatement plant, e.g. Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR), (where fitted), is to meet the requirements of this Chapter; additionally, it is to meet the applicable requirements of Pt 5, Ch 24 Emissions Abatement Plant for Combustion Machinery. Where secondary exhaust gas emissions abatement plants are fitted to engines, e.g. Scrubbers and Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR), they are to meet the requirements of Pt 5, Ch 24 Emissions Abatement Plant for Combustion Machinery.

1.3.1 All engines intended for installation on an LR Class ship are to be Type Approved by LR (see Lloyd’s Register Type Approval System Procedure TA14 for details of the LR Type Approval process).

1.3.2 Each complete engine, as defined in Pt 5, Ch 2, 1.2 Scope, intended for installation on an LR Classed vessel, is to have an LR Engine Certificate.

1.3.3 For the first engine of a type, the type approval process and the engine certification process may be performed simultaneously.

1.3.4 To apply for an LR Engine Certificate, the following are to be submitted:

1. a list of all documents identified in the ‘for information’ and ‘for appraisal’ columns of Table 2.1.1 Plans and particulars to be submitted with the relevant drawing numbers and revision status. This list is to cross-reference the approved plans previously submitted as part of the engine Type Approval and identify any plans that have been modified.

2. where there is a licensor/licensee arrangement, the list required by Pt 5, Ch 2, 1.3 Approval process 1.3.4.(a) is to cross-reference the drawings submitted by the designer as part of the engine Type Approval. This list is to identify all changes where the approved design has been modified by the licensee. Where the licensee proposes design modifications to components, a statement is to be made confirming the licensor’s acceptance of the proposed changes. If designer/licensor’s acceptance is not confirmed, the engine is to be regarded as a different type and is subject to the complete appraisal and type approval process.

3. all documents with changes from the approved design are to be submitted for review/appraisal.

4. In all cases the complete set of endorsed documents and the list referenced in Pt 5, Ch 2, 1.3 Approval process 1.3.4.(a), which are to be provided by the manufacturer, will be required by the Surveyor(s) attending the manufacturer’s works. Where a licensee/licensor arrangement is in place, this set of documents may be a combination of licensor and licensee documents.

1.3.5 An LR Engine Certificate is issued upon satisfactory completion of engine assembly, with associated component testing (see Pt 5, Ch 2, 2 Materials and Components) and factory acceptance testing (see Pt 5, Ch 2, 11 Factory Acceptance Test and Shipboard Trials of Engines) or, issued in accordance with the alternative approach for product assurance approved by LR, see Pt 5, Ch 1, 1.3 Alternative approach for product assurance.

1.3.6 For appraisal of emergency generator engines and turbochargers additional submissions are required. See Pt 5, Ch 2, 1.4 Submission requirements 1.4.4 and Pt 5, Ch 2, 1.4 Submission requirements 1.4.5 as applicable.

1.4.1 The plans and information are to be submitted as required in Table 2.1.1 Plans and particulars to be submitted and Pt 5, Ch 2, 1.4 Submission requirements 1.4.2 to Pt 5, Ch 2, 1.4 Submission requirements 1.4.7 as applicable.

1.4.2 A schedule of testing at engine packager’s or system integrator’s facility, pre-sea trial commissioning and sea trials is to be submitted. The test schedules are to identify all modes of engine operation and the sea trials are to include typical port manoeuvres under the intended engine operating modes. The schedule is to include:

1. testing and trials to demonstrate that the engine is capable of operating as described in Table 2.1.1 Plans and particulars to be submitted, Note 10;

2. tests to verify that the response of the complete mechanical, hydraulic, electrical and electronic system is as predicted for the intended operational modes; and

3. testing required to verify the conclusions of the risk-based analysis.

The scope of these tests is to be agreed with LR based on the risk-based analysis.

1.4.3 In addition to the applicable plans and particulars required by Pt 6, Ch 1, 1.2 Documentation required for design review the following information for control, alarm, monitoring and safety systems relating to the operation of an electronically controlled engine is to be submitted:

1. Engine configuration details, see Pt 5, Ch 2, 4.3 Control engineering systems 4.3.2.

   1. Local and remote means to carry out system configuration.

   2. Engine builder procedures for undertaking configuring.

   3. Roles and responsibilities for configuration (e.g. Engine builder, engine packager, system integrator or other nominated party) with accompanying schedule.

   4. Configurable settings and parameters (including those not to be modified from a default value).

   5. Configuration for propulsion, auxiliary or emergency engine application.

2. Software quality plans, including configuration management documents.

3. Software safety evidence.

4. Software conformity assessment report.

Configuration records are to be maintained and are to be made available to the Surveyor at testing and trials and on request in accordance with Pt 6, Ch 1, 1.1 General 1.1.4 and Pt 6, Ch 1, 7.1 General 7.1.3.

1.4.4 Emergency generator engine plans, information and test schedules, required for design appraisal, are to be in accordance with Pt 6, Ch 1 Control Engineering Systems.

1.4.6 Where considered necessary Clasifications Register (hereinafter referred to as 'LR') may require additional documentation to be submitted.

1.4.7 The following information is to be submitted to LR for acceptance of oil mist detection equipment and alarm arrangements:

1. Description of oil mist detection equipment and system including alarms.

2. Copy of the test house report in accordance with the requirements of Test Specification No. 4 – Type testing of reciprocating internal combustion engines and associated ancillary equipment. See also Pt 5, Ch 2, 14.4 Crankcase oil mist detection system.

3. Schematic layout of engine oil mist detection arrangements showing location of detectors/sensors and piping arrangements and dimensions.

4. Maintenance and test manual which is to include the following information:

   1. Intended use of equipment and its operation;

   2. Functionality tests to demonstrate that the equipment is operational and that any faults can be identified and corrective actions notified;

   3. Maintenance routines and spare parts recommendations;

   4. Limit setting and instructions for safe limit levels; and

   5. Where necessary, details of configurations in which the equipment is and is not to be used.