3.1.1 A workstation
for navigation is to be arranged to enable efficient operation by
one person under normal operating conditions. The workstation area
is to be sufficient to allow at least two operators to use the equipment
simultaneously. The arrangement of instruments and controls is to
allow the use of all instruments and controls necessary for navigating
and manoeuvring in any normal working position.
3.1.2 An adequate
conning position is to be provided close to the forward centre window.
If the view in the centreline is obstructed by large masts, cranes,
etc. two additional conning positions giving a clear view ahead are
to be provided, one on the port side and one on the starboard side
of the centreline, no more than 5 m apart. In addition to the conning
position, a second position with a view of the area immediately in
front of the bridge superstructure is to be provided close to a forward
window or, alternatively, the conning position is to be wide enough
to accommodate two persons.
3.1.3 The
main steering position is to be located on the ship's centreline,
unless the view ahead is obstructed by large masts, cranes, etc. In
this case, the steering position is to be located a distance to starboard
of the centreline sufficient to obtain a clear view ahead and special
steering references for use by day and night are to be provided, e.g.
sighting marks forward.
3.1.4 The
following facilities are to be provided at the navigation workstation:
- Radar and radar plotting facilities, see
Pt 7, Ch 9, 3.1 Navigation workstation 3.1.5.
- Position-fixing system displays, see
Pt 7, Ch 9, 3.1 Navigation workstation 3.1.6.
- Echo sounder display.
- Speed and distance indications, see
Pt 7, Ch 9, 3.1 Navigation workstation 3.1.11 and Pt 7, Ch 9, 3.1 Navigation workstation 3.1.12.
- Gyrocompass display, see
Pt 7, Ch 9, 3.1 Navigation workstation 3.1.7.
- Magnetic compass display.
- Wind speed and direction indication.
- Steering controls and indication, see
Pt 5, Ch 19, 5 Electric power circuits, electric control circuits, monitoring and alarms.
- Rate of turn indication.
- Course/track controls and indications, see
Pt 7, Ch 9, 3.1 Navigation workstation 3.1.8.
- Main propulsion and thruster controls and indication, see
Pt 6, Ch 1, 2.6 Bridge control for main propulsion machinery and Pt 5, Ch 7, 5.3 Controllable pitch propellers and transverse thrust units.
- Watch safety system acknowledge.
- Watch safety system manual initiation.
- Internal communications system.
- VHF radiotelephone.
- Time indication.
- Window clear view controls.
- Navigation lights controls.
- Whistle control.
- Morse light keys.
- Wheelhouse/equipment lighting controls.
- Automatic ship identification system (AIS) information.
- Sound reception system where fitted, see
Pt 7, Ch 9, 2.2 Environment 2.2.8.
- Means to cease the distribution of long-range identification and
tracking information, where required by SOLAS Ch V, Regulation 19 - Carriage requirements for shipborne navigational systems and equipment.
3.1.5 Two
functionally independent radars or alternative means are to be provided
to determine and display the range and bearing of radar transponders
and other surface craft, obstructions, buoys, shorelines and navigational
marks. One of the radars is to operate in the X-band (9 GHz) and the
other is to operate in the S-band (3 GHz).
3.1.6 At least
two different automatic position-fixing systems giving a continuous
display of latitude and longitude are to be provided in the interests
of redundancy and diversity. One of these is to be GPS or equivalent.
The other is to be a system providing similar global coverage such
as GLONASS, where available. When a second GPS receiver is installed
to satisfy this requirement, at least one of the receivers is to be
provided with differential correction functionality (DGPS) and the
receivers are to be arranged to operate independently as far as is
practicable.
3.1.7 A gyrocompass
or alternative means for determining, displaying and transmitting
the ship's heading by shipborne, non-magnetic means, is to be provided
and is to be clearly readable by the helmsman at the main steering
position. The heading information is to be used directly by the radars,
radar plotting aids and automatic identification system, see
Pt 7, Ch 9, 3.1 Navigation workstation 3.1.5 and Pt 7, Ch 9, 3.1 Navigation workstation 3.1.13. The gyrocompass is to be
provided with a gyrocompass heading repeater located at the emergency
steering position in the steering gear compartment and a gyrocompass
bearing repeater allowing bearings to be taken over 360°.
3.1.8 An autopilot,
track control system or alternative means of automatically maintaining
the ship's heading or a straight track is to be provided. At any time,
it is to be possible to immediately restore manual control.
3.1.9 Heading
monitoring is to be provided to monitor the actual heading information
by independent heading sources. An off-course warning is to be given
if the actual heading of the ship deviates from the set track course
beyond a pre-set value. The pre-set off-course warning limit is to
be large enough to prevent unnecessary alarms.
3.1.10 Where
automatic track following is provided, sufficient warning is to be
given of the approach of a waypoint, so that, in the event of no acknowledgment
from the officer of the watch, there is adequate time for the backup
navigator to reach the bridge and accept the change of course.
3.1.11 A
speed log or alternative means of indicating the ship's speed and
distance through water is to be provided. The speed through water
measurement is to be used directly by the ARPA as an aid to collision
avoidance.
3.1.12 A
speed log or alternative means of indicating the ship’s speed
and distance over ground is to be provided, which is to be separate
from the device required by Pt 7, Ch 9, 3.1 Navigation workstation 3.1.11.
Speed over ground is to be indicated in both the fore-aft and athwartships
directions.
3.1.14 Where
alternative means of fulfilling the navigational requirements are
permitted, the means are to be approved by the national administration
and in conformity with appropriate performance standards.