Section 3 Fire safety measures for yachts 500 gt or more

3.1.1  Table 3.3.1 General fire protection, detection and extinction requirements is a guide to the major requirements of this Section. The Table is intended as a quick reference to the requirements and is not to be used in isolation when designing the fire safety arrangements.

3.2.1 The hull, superstructure, structural bulkheads, decks and deckhouses may be constructed of steel, other equivalent material, see Pt 17, Ch 1, 2.1 Materials 2.1.2 or be of alternative forms of construction, see Pt 17, Ch 1, 2.1 Materials 2.1.3.

3.2.2 The structure in way of Category ‘A' machinery spaces, galleys containing appliances of significant fire risk and other high risk areas is to be protected such that the material by itself or due to insulation provided can maintain its required strength at the end of 60 minutes exposure to the standard fire test.

3.2.3 Details of the method of construction, supported by calculations and/or fire test data, demonstrating compliance with Pt 17, Ch 3, 3.2 Forms of construction – Structure 3.2.2 are to be submitted.

3.2.4 For aluminium alloy structures, the insulation is to be such that the temperature of the structural core does not rise more than 200^oC above the ambient temperature at any time during the specified fire exposure.

3.2.5 For composite structures, the insulation is to be such that the temperature of the laminate does not rise more than the minimum temperature of deflection under load of the resin at any time during the specified fire exposure. The temperature of deflection under load is to be determined as in Ch 14, 3.7 Tests for specific materials of the Rules for Materials.

3.2.6 For structures in contact with sea-water, the required insulation should extend to at least 300 mm below the lightest waterline, see also Pt 17, Ch 3, 2.6 Surface of insulation 2.6.1.

3.3.1 Fire divisions required by Pt 17, Ch 3, 3.4 Structural fire protection – Main vertical zones and horizontal zones are to be constructed in accordance with the remaining paragraphs of Pt 17, Ch 3, 3.3 Forms of construction – Fire divisions.

3.3.2 Fire divisions using steel equivalent, or alternative forms of construction, may be accepted if it can be demonstrated that the material by itself due to insulation provided, has the fire resistance properties equivalent to ‘A' or ‘B' Class divisions.

3.3.3 Insulation required by Pt 17, Ch 3, 3.3 Forms of construction – Fire divisions 3.3.2 is to be such that the temperature of the structural core does not rise above the point at which the structure would begin to lose its strength at any time during the applicable exposure to the standard fire test. For ‘A' Class divisions, the applicable exposure is 60 minutes, and for ‘B' Class divisions, the applicable exposure is 30 minutes.

3.3.4 For aluminium alloy structures, the insulation is to be such that the temperature of the structural core does not rise more than 200^oC above the ambient temperature at any time during the applicable fire exposure.

3.3.5 For composite structures, the insulation is to be such that the temperature of the laminate does not rise more than the minimum temperature of deflection under load of the resin at any time during the applicable fire exposure. The temperature of deflection under load is to be determined as in Ch 14, 3.7 Tests for specific materials of the Rules for Materials.

3.4.1 The hull, superstructure and deckhouses in way of accommodation and service spaces is to be subdivided into main vertical zones by ‘A' Class divisions, see Pt 17, Ch 1, 2.4 Ship divisions and spaces 2.4.12. These divisions are to have insulation values in accordance with Table 3.3.2 Fire integrity of bulkheads separating adjacent spaces and Table 3.3.3 Fire integrity of decks separating adjacent spaces.

3.4.2 As far as practicable, the bulkheads forming the boundaries of the main vertical zones above the bulkhead deck are to be in line with watertight subdivision bulkheads situated immediately below the bulkhead deck.

3.4.3 The bulkheads mentioned in Pt 17, Ch 3, 3.4 Structural fire protection – Main vertical zones and horizontal zones 3.4.2 are to extend from deck to deck and to the shell or other boundaries.

3.5.1 All such divisions may be faced with combustible materials.

3.5.2 When continuous ‘B' Class ceilings and/or linings are fitted on both sides of the bulkhead, the portion of the bulkhead behind the continuous ceiling or lining is to be of material which in thickness and composition is acceptable the construction of ‘B' Class divisions but which may meet ‘B' Class standards only insofar as is reasonable and practicable.

3.5.3 All bulkheads required to be ‘B' Class divisions, except corridor bulkheads prescribed in Pt 17, Ch 3, 3.5 Structural fire protection of bulkheads within a main vertical zone 3.5.2 are to extend from deck to deck and to the shell or other boundaries unless continuous ‘B' Class ceilings or linings fitted on both sides of the bulkhead are at least of the same fire resistance as the bulkhead, in which case the bulkhead may terminate at the continuous ceiling or lining.

3.6.1 In addition to complying with the specific provisions for fire integrity of bulkheads and decks mentioned elsewhere in this Section the minimum fire integrity of bulkheads and decks are to be as prescribed in Table 3.3.2 Fire integrity of bulkheads separating adjacent spaces and Table 3.3.3 Fire integrity of decks separating adjacent spaces.

3.6.2 For determining the appropriate fire integrity standards to be applied to divisions between adjacent spaces, such spaces are classified in Table 3.3.2 Fire integrity of bulkheads separating adjacent spaces and Table 3.3.3 Fire integrity of decks separating adjacent spaces according to their fire-risk as shown in space categories (1) to (9) . The title of each category is intended to be typical (general) rather than restrictive. The number in parentheses preceding each space category refers to the applicable column or row in the Tables.

1. Control stations:

   • Spaces containing emergency sources of power and lighting.
   • Wheelhouse and chartroom.
   • Spaces containing the ship's radio equipment.
   • Fire-extinguishing rooms, fire-control stations and fire recording stations.
   • Control room for propulsion machinery when located outside the machinery space.
   • Spaces containing centralised fire-alarm equipment.

2. Corridors:

   • Guest and crew corridors and lobbies.

3. Accommodation spaces:

   • Spaces as defined in Pt 17, Ch 1, 2.4 Ship divisions and spaces 2.4.5 excluding corridors.

4. Stairways:

   • Interior stairways, lifts and escalators (other than those wholly contained within the machinery spaces) and enclosures thereto.
   • In this connection, a stairway which is enclosed only at one level is to be regarded as part of the space from which it is not separated by a fire door.

5. Service spaces (low risk):

   • Lockers and store-rooms having areas of less than 4 m² , drying rooms and laundries.

6. Category ‘A' machinery spaces, spaces containing vehicles or craft with fuel in their tanks, or lockers storing such fuels:

   • Spaces as defined in Pt 17, Ch 1, 2.4 Ship divisions and spaces 2.4.8.

7. Other machinery spaces:

   • Spaces as defined in Pt 17, Ch 1, 2.4 Ship divisions and spaces 2.4.9 excluding Category ‘A' machinery spaces.

8. Service spaces (high risk):

   • Galleys, pantries containing cooking appliances, paint and lamp rooms, lockers and store-rooms having areas of 4 m² or more, spaces for the storage of flammable liquids, bonded stores and workshops other than those forming part of the machinery spaces.

9. Open decks:

   • Open deck spaces and enclosed promenades having no fire-risk. Air spaces (the space outside superstructures and deckhouses).

3.6.3 Continuous ‘B' Class ceilings or linings, in association with the relevant decks or bulkheads, may be accepted as contributing, wholly or in part, to the required insulation and integrity of a division.

3.7.1 All stairways are to be of steel construction except where the use of other equivalent material is specially approved, and are to be within enclosures formed of ‘A' Class divisions, with positive means of closure at all openings, except that:

1. A stairway connecting only two decks need not be enclosed, provided that the integrity of the deck is maintained by proper bulkheads or doors at one level to at least ‘B-0' Class. When a stairway is closed at one level, the stairway enclosure is to be protected in accordance with Table 3.3.2 Fire integrity of bulkheads separating adjacent spaces and Table 3.3.3 Fire integrity of decks separating adjacent spaces; and

2. Stairways may be fitted in the open in a public space, provided that they lie wholly within such public space.

3.7.2 Stairway enclosures are to have a direct access to the corridors and to be of sufficient area to prevent congestion, having in view the number of persons likely to use them in an emergency. Within the perimeter of such stairway enclosures, only toilets and lockers of non-combustible material providing storage for safety equipment are permitted. Only public spaces, corridors, other escape stairways required by Pt 17, Ch 3, 3.15 Structural fire protection – Means of escape 3.15.1.(e), pantries containing cooking appliances with an insignificant fire risk, see Pt 17, Ch 3, 2.4 Structural fire protection 2.4.2, and external areas are to have direct access to these stairway enclosures. Small corridors or lobbies may be used to separate an enclosed stairway from other spaces.

3.7.3 Lift trunks are to be so fitted as to prevent the passage of smoke and flame from one 'tween deck to another and are to be provided with means of closing so as to permit the control of draught and smoke.

3.8.1 The construction of all doors and door frames in ‘A' Class divisions, with the means of securing them when closed, is to provide resistance to fire as well as to the passage of smoke and flame, as far as practicable, equivalent to that of the bulkheads in which the doors are situated. Such doors and door frames are to be constructed of steel or other equivalent material. Steel watertight doors need not be insulated.

3.8.2 It is to be possible for each door to be opened and closed from each side of the bulkhead by one person only.

3.8.3 Fire doors in main vertical zone bulkheads and stairway enclosures are to satisfy the following requirements:

1. The doors shall be self-closing and be capable of closing with an angle of inclination of up to 3,5° opposing closure. The approximate time of closure for hinged fire doors is to be no more than 40 s and not less than 10 s from the beginning of their movement with the ship in the upright position. The approximate uniform rate of closure for sliding fire doors is to be no more than 0,2 m/s and no less than 0,1 m/s with the ship in the upright position.

2. Remote-controlled sliding or power-operated doors are to be equipped with an alarm that will sound not less than 5 s but no more than 10 s before the door begins to move and will continue to sound until the door is completely closed. Doors designed to re-open upon contacting an object in its path are to re-open sufficiently to allow a clear passage of at least 0,75 m but not more than 1 m.

3. All doors are to be capable of remote and automatic release from the continuously manned central control station, either simultaneously or in groups and also individually from a position at both sides of the door. Indication is to be provided at the fire control panel in the continuously manned central control station whether each of the remotely-controlled doors are closed. The release mechanism is to be so designed that the door will automatically close in the event of disruption of the control system or central power supply. Release switches shall have an on-off function to prevent automatic resetting of the system. Hold-back devices not subject to central control station release are not permitted.

4. Local power accumulators for power-operated doors are to be located in the immediate vicinity of the doors. They are to have a capacity to enable the doors to be fully opened and closed at least 10 times using local controls.

5. Double-leaf doors dependent on a latch to maintain their fire integrity are to be arranged so that the latch is automatically activated by the action of the closing doors.

6. Doors which are power-operated and automatically closed, giving direct access to special category spaces need not be equipped with the alarms and remote release mechanism required by Pt 17, Ch 3, 3.8 Structural fire protection – Openings in ‘A' Class divisions 3.8.3.(b) and Pt 17, Ch 3, 3.8 Structural fire protection – Openings in ‘A' Class divisions 3.8.3.(c).

7. The components of the local control system are to be accessible for maintenance and adjusting.

3.8.4 Where ‘A' Class divisions are penetrated for the passage of electric cables, pipes, trunks, ducts, etc. or for girders, beams or other structural members, arrangements are to be made to ensure that the fire resistance is not impaired.

3.9.1 The requirements for steel or other equivalent material on the outer boundaries of a yacht do not apply to glass partitions, windows and sidescuttles. The requirements of Pt 17, Ch 3, 3.11 Structural fire protection – Windows and side scuttles 3.11.2 for such boundaries to have ‘A' class integrity are to be adhered to.

3.10.1 Doors and door frames in ‘B' Class divisions and means of securing them are to provide a method of closure which has resistance to fire as far as practicable equivalent to the divisions they serve, except that ventilation openings may be permitted in the lower portion of such doors. Where such openings are in or under a door the total net area of any such opening or openings is not to exceed 0,05 m² . When such an opening is cut in a door it is to be fitted with a grill made of non-combustible material. Bridging ducts are not allowed in fire divisions.

3.10.2  Cabin doors in ‘B' class divisions are to be self-closing. Hold-backs are not permitted.

3.10.3 Where ‘B' Class divisions are penetrated for the passage of electric cables, pipes, trunks, ducts, etc. or for the fitting of ventilation terminals, lighting fixtures and similar devices, arrangements are to be made to ensure that the fire resistance is not impaired.

3.11.1 Notwithstanding the requirements of Table 3.3.2 Fire integrity of bulkheads separating adjacent spaces and Table 3.3.3 Fire integrity of decks separating adjacent spaces, all windows and side scuttles in bulkheads separating accommodation and service spaces and control stations from weather are to be constructed with frames of steel or other suitable material. The glass is to be retained by a metal glazing bead or angle. Alternative forms of construction and retention will be considered.

3.11.2 Glass is not to be installed as an interior main vertical zone or stairway enclosure bulkhead.

3.11.3 For yachts having a freeboard length of 85 m and over, windows and side scuttles situated in the yacht's side shell below the life raft and escape slide embarkation areas and below lifeboat embarkation areas, are to have fire integrity of at least equal to ‘A-0' Class.

3.12.1 In accommodation and services spaces, control stations, corridors and stairways, air spaces enclosed behind ceilings, panelling or linings are to be suitably divided by close-fitting draught stops not more than 7 m apart. In the vertical direction, such spaces, including those behind linings of stairways, trunks, etc. are to be closed at each deck.

3.12.2 The draught stops are to be non-combustible and are to form a continuation above the ceiling of the bulkhead below or the other side of the panelling or lining to the bulkhead, as far as possible.

3.12.3 Where the structure or ‘A' Class divisions are required to be insulated, it is to be ensured that the heat from a fire is not transmitted through the intersections and terminal points of the divisions or penetrations to uninsulated boundaries. Where the insulation installed does not achieve this, arrangements are to be made to prevent this heat transmission by insulating the horizontal and vertical boundaries or penetrations for a distance of 450 mm.

3.13.1 Except in cargo spaces, mail rooms, baggage rooms, or refrigerated compartments, of service spaces, all insulation (e.g. fire and comfort) is to be of non-combustible materials. Partial bulkheads or decks used to subdivide a space for utility or artistic treatment are to have a non-combustible core.

3.13.2 The use of combustible materials is to be kept to a minimum.

3.13.3 Pipes penetrating ‘A' or ‘B' Class divisions are to be of approved materials having regard to the temperature such divisions are required to withstand.

3.13.4 Pipes conveying oil or combustible liquids through accommodation and service spaces are to be of approved materials having regard to the fire risk.

3.13.5 Materials readily rendered ineffective by heat are not to be used for overboard scuppers, sanitary discharges and other outlets which are close to the waterline and where the failure of the material in the event of fire would give rise to danger of flooding.

3.13.6 Primary deck coverings within accommodation spaces, service spaces and control stations are to be of a type which will not readily ignite, or give rise to toxic or explosive hazards at elevated temperatures. Reference is also to be made to the IMO FTP Code, Annex 1, Part 2 - Smoke and Toxicity Test and Part 6 - Test for Primary Deck Coverings.

3.13.7 Vapour barriers and adhesives used in conjunction with insulation, as well as insulation of pipe fittings for cold service systems need not be non-combustible, but they shall be kept to the minimum quantity practicable and their exposed surfaces shall have low flame spread characteristics.

3.13.8 All waste receptacles are to be constructed of non-combustible materials with no openings in the sides or bottom.

3.13.9 Furniture in the stairway enclosures is to be limited to seating. If required, it is to be fixed, limited to four seats on each deck in each stairway enclosure and is not to obstruct the escape route. Additional seating may be permitted in the main reception area within a stairway enclosure provided it is fixed and does not obstruct the escape route. Furniture is not permitted in corridors forming escape routes in cabin areas. Lockers for the storage of safety equipment may be permitted.

3.14.1 In spaces where penetration of oil products is possible, the surface of insulation is to be impervious to oil or oil vapours. Insulation boundaries are to be arranged to avoid immersion in oil spillages so far as is practicable.

3.15.1 Stairways and ladders are to be arranged to provide ready means of escape to the survival craft embarkation deck from all guest and crew spaces and from spaces in which the crew is normally employed, other than machinery spaces. In particular, the following provisions are to be complied with:

1. Below the bulkhead deck, two means of escape, at least one of which is to be independent of watertight doors, are to be provided for each watertight compartment or similarly restricted space or group of spaces. One of these means of escape may be dispensed with, due regard being paid to the nature and the location of spaces concerned, and to the number of persons who normally might be accommodated or employed there.

2. Above the bulkhead deck, there are to be at least two practical means of escape from each main vertical zone or similarly restricted space or group of spaces, at least one of which is to give access to a stairway forming a vertical escape.

3. If a radio-telegraph station has no direct access to the open deck, two means of escape from or access to such station are to be provided, one of which may be a porthole or window of sufficient size or other satisfactory means to provide an emergency escape.

4. A corridor, lobby, or part of a corridor from which there is only one route of escape is not to exceed 7 m. Where accommodation arrangements are such that access to compartments is through another compartment, as is often the case with an Owner's suite, a second means of escape is to be provided. The second escape route is to be as remote as possible from the main escape route. The second means of escape may be through portholes or hatches of adequate size, leading to the open deck.

5. At least one of the means of escape required by Pt 17, Ch 3, 3.15 Structural fire protection – Means of escape 3.15.1 and Pt 17, Ch 3, 3.15 Structural fire protection – Means of escape 3.15.1.(b) is to be by means of a readily accessible enclosed stairway, which will provide continuous fire shelter from the level of its origin to the appropriate survival craft embarkation decks, or the uppermost weather deck if the embarkation deck does not extend to the main vertical zone being considered. In the latter case, direct access to the embarkation deck by external open stairways and passageways is to be provided and is to have emergency lighting and slip-free surfaces underfoot. Boundaries facing external open stairways and passageways forming part of an escape route and boundaries in such a position that their failure during a fire would impede escape to the embarkation deck, are to have fire integrity and insulation values in accordance with Table 3.3.2 Fire integrity of bulkheads separating adjacent spaces and Table 3.3.3 Fire integrity of decks separating adjacent spaces. The widths, number and continuity of escape routes are to be as follows:

   1. Stairways are to be not less than 900 mm clear width between handrails. Stairways are to be fitted with handrails on each side. The minimum clear width of stairways is to be increased by 10 mm for every person provided for in excess of 90 persons. The maximum clear width between handrails where stairways are wider than 900 mm is to be 1800 mm. The total number of persons to be evacuated by such stairways is to be two-thirds of the crew and total number of passengers in the areas served by such stairways.

   2. Stairways with a clear width in excess of 900 mm are to be aligned in a fore-and-aft direction.

   3. Doorways, corridors and intermediate landings included in the means of escape are to have widths sized in the same manner as the stairways.

   4. Stairways are not to exceed 3,5 m vertical rise without the provision of a landing and are not to have angle of inclination greater than 45° to the horizontal.

   5. With the exception of intermediate landings, landings at each deck level shall not be less than 2 m² in area and shall increase by 1 m² for every 10 persons provided for in excess of 20 persons but need not exceed 16 m², except for those landings serving public spaces having direct access onto the stairway enclosure. Intermediate landings shall be sized in accordance with paragraph (iii).

6. Protection of access from the stairway enclosures to the survival craft embarkation areas are to comply with the requirements of Table 3.3.2 Fire integrity of bulkheads separating adjacent spaces and Table 3.3.3 Fire integrity of decks separating adjacent spaces.

7. Where public spaces span three or more open decks, contain combustibles such as furniture and give access to other enclosed spaces, each level within the space is to have two means of escape, one of which is to give direct access to an enclosed vertical means of escape meeting the requirements of Pt 17, Ch 3, 3.15 Structural fire protection – Means of escape 3.15.1.(e).

8. Where a dispensation has been granted under the provisions of Pt 17, Ch 3, 3.15 Structural fire protection – Means of escape 3.15.1, a safe means of escape is to be provided. Stairways are to be provided with handrails on both sides and are to have a clear width between handrails of not less than 800 mm.

3.15.2 Two means of escape are to be provided from each machinery space. In particular, the following provisions are to be complied with:

1. Where the space is below the bulkhead deck the two means of escape are to consist of either:

   1. Two sets of steel ladders and walkways as widely separated as possible, leading to doors in the upper part of the space similarly separated and from which access is provided to the appropriate survival craft embarkation decks. One of these ladders is to provide continuous fire shelter from the lower part of the space to a safe position outside the space. This shelter is to be of steel or equivalent material, insulated where necessary, and provided with a self closing door of steel or equivalent material at the lower end. If access is provided at other levels each level is to be provided with a steel or equivalent material; or

   2. One steel ladder leading to a door in the upper part of the space from which access is provided to the embarkation deck and additionally, in the lower part of the space and in a position well separated from the ladder referred to, a steel or equivalent material door capable of being operated from each side and which provides access to a safe escape route from the lower part of the space to the embarkation deck.

2. Where the space is above the bulkhead deck, the two means of escape are to be as widely separated as possible and the doors leading from such means of escape are to be in a position from which access is provided to the appropriate survival craft embarkation decks. Where such means of escape require the use of ladders these are to be of steel.

3.15.3 One of the means of escape from any such space required by Pt 17, Ch 3, 3.15 Structural fire protection – Means of escape 3.15.2 may be dispensed with, so long as either a door or a steel ladder and walkways provides a safe escape route to the embarkation deck, due regard being paid to the nature and location of the space and whether persons are normally employed in that space.

3.15.4 Two means of escape are to be provided from a machinery control room located inside a machinery space, at least one of which is to provide continuous fire shelter to a safe position outside the machinery space.

3.15.5 Adequate deck area is to be provided at muster stations and embarkation areas having due regard to the expected number of persons.

3.16.1 Ventilation ducts are to be of steel or another non-combustible material subject to the other material having passed a standard fire test in accordance with Annex 1: Part 3 of the FTP Code as a non-load bearing structure for 30 minutes following the requirements for testing ‘B’ class divisions. Short lengths of ducts not exceeding 2 m in length and with a cross-section not exceeding 0,02 m² need not be non-combustible, subject to these ducts being:

1. of a material that has low flame spread characteristics;

2. used at the end of the ventilation device; and

3. situated not less than 600 mm, measured along the duct, from an opening in an ‘A' or ‘B' Class division including continuous ‘B' Class ceilings.

3.16.2 Where the ventilation ducts with a free cross-sectional area exceeding 0,02 m² but not more than 0,075 m² pass through Class 'A' bulkheads or decks, the openings are to be lined with a steel sheet sleeve unless the ducts passing through the bulkheads or decks are of steel in the vicinity of passage through the deck or bulkhead and the ducts and sleeves are to comply in this part with the following:

1. Steel ducts, or sleeves lining such ducts are to have a thickness of at least 3 mm and a length of at least 900 mm. When passing through bulkheads, this length is to be divided preferably into 450 mm on each side of the bulkhead. These ducts, or sleeves lining such ducts, are to be provided with fire insulation. The insulation is to have at least the same fire integrity as the bulkhead or deck through which the duct passes.

2. Steel ducts with a free cross-sectional area exceeding 0,075 m² are to be fitted with fire dampers in addition to the requirements of Pt 17, Ch 3, 3.16 Ventilation systems 3.16.2. The fire damper is to operate automatically but is also to be capable of being closed manually from both sides of the bulkhead or deck. The damper is to be provided with an indicator which shows whether the damper is open or closed. Fire dampers are not required, however, where ducts pass through spaces surrounded by ‘A' Class divisions, without serving those spaces, provided those ducts have the same fire integrity as the divisions which they penetrate.

3. Compliance with Pt 17, Ch 3, 3.8 Structural fire protection – Openings in ‘A' Class divisions 3.8.4.

3.16.3 Ventilation ducts with a free cross-sectional area exceeding 0,02 m² passing through ‘B' Class bulkheads are to be lined with steel sheet, or other equivalent material, sleeves of 900 mm in length divided preferably into 450 mm on each side of the bulkheads unless the duct is of steel for this length, see also Pt 17, Ch 3, 3.10 Structural fire protection – Openings in 'B' Class divisions.

3.16.4 Ducts provided for the ventilation of Category ‘A' machinery spaces, galleys, spaces containing vehicles or craft with fuel in their tanks or lockers storing such fuels, are not to pass through accommodation spaces, service spaces or control stations unless the ducts are:

1. either:

   1. constructed of steel having a thickness of at least 3 mm for ducts with a free cross-sectional area of less than 0,075 m², at least 4 mm for ducts with a free cross-sectional area of between 0,075 m² and 0,45 m², and at least 5 mm for ducts with a free cross-sectional area of over 0,45 m²;

   2. suitably supported and stiffened;

   3. fitted with automatic fire dampers close to the boundaries penetrated; and

   4. insulated to ‘A-60' Class standard from the machinery spaces, galleys, spaces containing vehicles or craft with fuel in their tanks or lockers storing such fuels, to a point at least 5 m beyond each fire damper;

2. or:

   1. constructed of steel in accordance with Pt 17, Ch 3, 3.16 Ventilation systems 3.16.4 and Pt 17, Ch 3, 3.16 Ventilation systems 3.16.4.(a).(ii); and

   2. insulated to ‘A-60' Class standard throughout the accommodation spaces, service spaces or control stations;

except that penetrations of main zone divisions are also to comply with Pt 17, Ch 3, 3.16 Ventilation systems 3.16.8.

3.16.5 Ducts provided for ventilation to accommodation spaces, service spaces or control stations are not to pass through such spaces, unless, where they pass through Category ‘A' machinery spaces, galleys, spaces containing vehicles or craft with fuel in their tanks, or lockers storing such fuels, the ducts:

1. either:

   1. are constructed of steel in accordance with Pt 17, Ch 3, 3.16 Ventilation systems 3.16.4 and Pt 17, Ch 3, 3.16 Ventilation systems 3.16.4.(a).(ii);

   2. are fitted with automatic fire dampers close to the boundaries penetrated; and

   3. have the integrity of boundaries of the machinery space, galley, spaces containing vehicles or craft with fuel in their tanks, or lockers storing such fuels, maintained at the penetrations; are insulated to ‘A 60’ class standard from the boundaries of the spaces they serve to a point at least 5 m beyond each fire damper.

2. or:

   1. are constructed of steel in accordance with Pt 17, Ch 3, 3.16 Ventilation systems 3.16.4 and Pt 17, Ch 3, 3.16 Ventilation systems 3.16.4.(a).(ii); and

   2. are insulated to ‘A-60' Class standard within the machinery space, galley or spaces containing vehicles or craft with fuel in their tanks or lockers storing such fuels;

except that penetration of main zone divisions is also to comply with Pt 17, Ch 3, 3.16 Ventilation systems 3.16.8

3.16.6 Such measures as are practicable are to be taken in respect of control stations outside machinery spaces in order to ensure that ventilation, visibility and freedom from smoke are maintained, so that in the event of fire the machinery and equipment contained therein may be supervised and continue to function effectively. Alternative and separate means of air supply are to be provided; air inlets of the two sources of supply are to be so disposed that the risk of both inlets drawing in smoke simultaneously is minimised. Such requirements need not apply to control stations situated on, and opening on to, an open deck, or where local closing arrangements would be equally effective.

3.16.7 Where they pass through accommodation spaces or spaces containing combustible materials, the exhaust ducts from galley ranges are to comply with Pt 17, Ch 3, 3.16 Ventilation systems 3.16.4. Such exhaust ducts are to be fitted with:

1. a grease trap readily removable for cleaning;

2. an automatically and remotely operated fire damper located in the lower end of the duct at the junction between the duct and the galley range hood and, in addition, a remotely operated fire damper in the upper end of the duct close to the outlet of the duct;

3. arrangements, operable from within the galley, for shutting off the exhaust and supply fans; and

4. fixed means for extinguishing a fire within the duct.

3.16.8 Where it is necessary that a ventilation duct passes through a main vertical zone division, a fail-safe automatic closing fire damper is to be fitted adjacent to the division. The damper is also to be capable of being manually closed from each side of the division. The operating position is to be readily accessible and be clearly and prominently marked. The duct between the division and the damper is to be of steel or other equivalent material and, if necessary, insulated to comply with Pt 17, Ch 3, 3.8 Structural fire protection – Openings in ‘A' Class divisions 3.8.4. The damper is to be fitted on at least one side of the division with a visible indicator showing the operating position of the damper.

3.16.9 Where public spaces span three or more open decks and contain combustibles such as furniture and other enclosed spaces, the space is to be equipped with a smoke extraction system. The smoke extraction system is to be activated by the smoke detection system required by Pt 17, Ch 4, 2 Fixed fire detection and fire-alarm systems and is to be capable of manual control. The fans are to be capable of exhausting the entire volume within the space in not more than 10 min.

3.16.10 The main inlets and outlets of all ventilation systems are to be capable of being closed from outside the spaces being ventilated.

3.16.11 Power ventilation of accommodation spaces, service spaces, control stations and machinery spaces is to be capable of being stopped from an easily accessible position outside the space being served. This position should not be readily cut off in the event of a fire in the spaces served. The means provided for stopping the power ventilation of the machinery spaces is to be entirely separate from the means provided for stopping ventilation of other spaces, see also Pt 16, Ch 2, 17.6 Fire safety stops.

3.16.12 Reference is also made to Pt 17, Ch 3, 2.8 Ventilation systems 2.8.4 to Pt 17, Ch 3, 2.8 Ventilation systems 2.8.7, Pt 17, Ch 3, 2.8 Ventilation systems 2.8.9 and Pt 17, Ch 3, 3.10 Structural fire protection – Openings in 'B' Class divisions 3.10.1.

3.16.13 Ducts provided for exhaust ventilation from laundries are to be fitted with:

1. filters readily removable for cleaning purposes;
2. a fire damper located in the lower end of the duct which is automatically and remotely operated;
3. remote-control arrangements for shutting off the exhaust fans, and supply fans from within the space and for operating the fire damper mentioned in (b); and
4. suitably located hatches for inspection and cleaning.

3.16.14 Where a ventilation room serves only an adjacent machinery space of Category A and there is no fire division between the ventilation room and the machinery space, the means for closing the ventilation duct or ducts serving the machinery space shall be located outside of the ventilation room and machinery space.

3.16.15 Where a ventilation room serves a machinery space of Category A as well as other spaces and is separated from the machinery space by a ‘A-0’ class division, including penetrations, the means for closing the ventilation duct or ducts for the machinery space can be located in the ventilation room.

3.16.16 Fire dampers required by Pt 17, Ch 3, 3.16 Ventilation systems 3.16.2, Pt 17, Ch 3, 3.16 Ventilation systems 3.16.4, Pt 17, Ch 3, 3.16 Ventilation systems 3.16.5, Pt 17, Ch 3, 3.16 Ventilation systems 3.16.7 upper end fire damper only, Pt 17, Ch 3, 3.16 Ventilation systems 3.16.8 and Pt 17, Ch 3, 3.16 Ventilation systems 3.16.13, including relevant means of operation are to be fire tested. Reference is also to be made to IMO FTP Code, Annex 1, Part 3 - Test for “A”, “B” and “F” Class Divisions. The lower end fire damper required by Pt 17, Ch 3, 3.16 Ventilation systems 3.16.7 must be of steel and capable of stopping the draught.

3.17.1 In a yacht in which fuel oil is used, the arrangements for the storage, distribution and utilisation of the fuel oil are to be such as to ensure the safety of the yacht and persons on board. For details, see Pt 15, Ch 3 Machinery Piping Systems.

3.17.2 As far as practicable, fuel oil tanks are to be part of the yacht's structure and are to be located outside Category ‘A' machinery spaces.

3.17.3 Where fuel oil tanks, other than double bottom tanks, are necessarily located adjacent to or within Category ‘A' machinery spaces, at least one of their vertical sides is to be contiguous to the machinery space boundaries, and is preferably to have a common boundary with the double bottom tanks, and the area of the tank boundary common with the machinery spaces is to be kept to a minimum. Where the vertical boundary of a tank directly exposed to a machinery space meets the yacht's side plating at an acute angle, a small horizontal surface at the base of the tank, necessary to accommodate practical constructional considerations may be permitted. If the arrangement of the machinery is such that a tank with a large horizontal surface at the base is necessary then a cofferdam with suitable ventilation arrangements, to protect the base of the tank from the effect of a machinery space fire, will be specially considered. See also Pt 15, Ch 3 Machinery Piping Systems. Fuel oil tanks situated within the boundaries of Category ‘A' machinery spaces are not to contain fuel oil having a flashpoint of less than 60°C. The use of free-standing fuel oil tanks is prohibited.

3.18.1 The arrangements for the storage, distribution and utilisation of oil used in pressure lubrication systems are to be such as to ensure the safety of the yacht and persons on board, see also Pt 15, Ch 3 Machinery Piping Systems.

3.19.1 The arrangements for the storage, distribution and utilisation of other flammable oils employed under pressure in power transmission systems, control and activating systems and heating systems are to be such as to ensure the safety of the ship and persons on board, see also Pt 15, Ch 3 Machinery Piping Systems.

3.20.1 Fuel oil, lubricating oil and other flammable oils are not to be carried in forepeak tanks.

3.21.1 Openings are to be provided with closing appliances constructed so as to maintain the fire integrity of the machinery space boundaries.

3.21.2 Doors other than power operated watertight doors, are to be so arranged that positive closure is assured in case of fire in the space, by power-operated closing arrangements or by the provision of self-closing doors capable of closing against an inclination of 3,5° opposing closure and having a fail-safe hook-back facility, provided with a remotely operated release device.

3.21.3 Windows are not to be fitted in machinery space boundaries. This does not preclude the use of glass in control rooms within the machinery spaces.

3.21.4 Means of control are to be provided for:

1. closure of openings which normally allow exhaust ventilation, and closure of ventilator dampers;

2. permitting the release of smoke;

3. closing power-operated doors or actuating release mechanism on doors other than power-operated watertight doors;

4. stopping ventilating fans; and

5. stopping forced and induced draught fans, fuel oil transfer pumps, fuel oil unit pumps and other similar fuel pumps.

3.21.5 The controls required in Pt 17, Ch 3, 3.21 Special arrangements in Category ‘A' machinery spaces 3.21.4 are to be located outside the space concerned, where they will not be cut off in the event of fire in the space they serve. Such controls and the controls for any required fire-extinguishing system are to be situated at one control position or grouped in as few positions as possible. Such positions are to have a safe access from the open deck, see also Pt 15, Ch 3, 4.5 Control of pumps 4.5.1 and Pt 15, Ch 3, 4.9 Valves on deep tanks and their control arrangements 4.9.2.

3.21.6 When access to any Category ‘A' machinery space is provided at a low level from an adjacent space there is to be provided near the watertight door, a light steel fire-screen door operable from each side.

3.22.1 Where gaseous fuel is used for domestic purposes, the arrangements for the storage, distribution and utilisation of the fuel is to be such that, having regard to the hazards of fire and explosion which the use of such fuel may entail, the safety of the yacht and the persons on board is preserved. The installation is to be in accordance with recognised National or International Standards.

3.22.2 Storage lockers for gas cylinders are to be provided with:

1. effective ventilation;

2. an outward-opening door accessible directly to the open deck; and

3. gas-tight boundaries, including doors and other means of closing any openings therein, which form boundaries between such lockers and adjoining enclosed spaces.

3.23.1 Space heaters, if used, are to be fixed in position and so constructed as to reduce fire risks to a minimum. The design and location of these units is to be such that clothing, curtains or other similar materials cannot be scorched or set on fire by heat from the unit.

3.24.1 A fixed fire detection and fire-alarm system is to be installed in any machinery space and is to comply with the requirements of Pt 16, Ch 1, 2.8 Fire detection and fire alarm systems.

3.24.2 A fixed fire detection and fire-alarm system is to be fitted in all stairways (including lift and dumbwaiter trunks), service spaces, control stations and accommodation spaces (except toilets, bathrooms, void spaces, etc.). The fixed fire detection and fire-alarm system is to be installed in accordance with Pt 17, Ch 4, 2 Fixed fire detection and fire-alarm systems.

3.24.3  All yachts at all times when at sea, or in port (except when out of service), are to be so equipped as to ensure that any initial fire-alarm is immediately received by a responsible member of the crew.

3.24.4 A special alarm, operated from the navigating bridge or fire-control station, is to be fitted to summon the crew.

3.24.5 For yachts having a freeboard length of 85 m or more, a public address system is to be available throughout the accommodation and service spaces and control stations and open decks. The arrangements are to comply with Pt 16, Ch 2, 18.3 Public address system.

3.25.1  Application. Every yacht is to be provided with fire pumps in accordance with this Section. Fire mains, hydrants and hoses are also to be provided as required by this Section.

3.25.2  Capacity of fire pumps:

1. The fire pumps required are to be capable of delivering for fire-fighting purposes a quantity of water, at the pressure specified in Pt 17, Ch 3, 3.25 Fire pumps and fire main system 3.25.5 of not less than two-thirds of the quantity required to be dealt with by the bilge pumps when employed for bilge pumping. For number and capacity of bilge pumps, see Pt 15, Ch 2 Ship Piping Systems

2. As an alternative to (a) the capacity of fire pumps may be determined by hydrostatic calculations based on the requirement of Pt 17, Ch 3, 3.25 Fire pumps and fire main system 3.25.5.

3. Where more pumps than the minimum number of required pumps are installed the capacity of such additional pumps will be specially considered.

3.25.3  Fire pumps:

1. In yachts of 4000 tons gross or more, at least three independently driven fire pumps are to be provided and, in yachts of less than 4000 tons gross, at least two such fire pumps.

2. Sanitary, ballast, bilge or general service pumps may be accepted as fire pumps, provided that they are not normally used for pumping oil, and that, if they are subject to occasional duty for the transfer or pumping of fuel oil, suitable changeover arrangements are fitted.

3. In yachts classed for navigation in ice, the fire pump sea inlet valves are to be provided with clearing arrangements, see Pt 1, Ch 2, 3.8 Other hull notations 3.8.1.

4. The arrangement of sea connections, fire pumps and their sources of power are to be such as to ensure that in the event of a fire in any one compartment, all the fire pumps will not be put out of action.

5. The arrangements for the ready availability of water supply are to be as follows:

   1. In yachts of 1000 gross tons or more, or any yacht of an alternative form of construction, the arrangements are to be such that at least one effective jet of water is immediately available from any hydrant in an interior location and so as to ensure the continuation of the output of water by the automatic starting of a required fire pump.

   2. Yachts not provided with arrangements complying with (i), but to which a UMS notation is to be assigned, are to have remote starting of a required fire pump from the navigating bridge and fire-control station, if any.

6. Relief valves are to be provided in conjunction with any fire pump if the pump is capable of developing a pressure exceeding the design pressure of the water service pipes, hydrants and hoses. These valves are to be so placed and adjusted as to prevent excessive pressure in any part of the fire main system.

7. Where centrifugal pumps are provided in order to comply with this sub-Section, a non-return valve is to be fitted in the pipe connecting the pump to the fire main.

3.25.4  Fire main:

1. The diameter of the fire main is to be based on the required capacity of two fire pumps, and the diameter of the water service pipes are to be sufficient to ensure an adequate supply of water for the simultaneous operation of at least two fire-hoses. In general, the diameter of the fire main is to be not less than:

   

   but need not exceed 180 mm in yachts, and in no case to be less than 50 mm

   where

   d	=	internal diameter of the fire main, in mm
   Lpp	=	length of yacht measured between perpendiculars, in metres, as defined in Pt 3, Ch 1, 6.2 Principal particulars 6.2.2.

2. The wash deck line may be used as a fire main provided that the requirements of this sub-Section are satisfied.

3. All exposed water pipes for fire-extinguishing are to be provided with drain valves for use in frosty weather. The valves are to be located where they will not be damaged.

3.25.5  Pressure in the fire main:

1. The fire pumps, associated piping and fire main are to be so designed that the following minimum pressures will be maintained at all hydrants under conditions where two fire pumps required by Pt 17, Ch 3, 3.25 Fire pumps and fire main system 3.25.3 are simultaneously delivering water to the fire main of the size required by Pt 17, Ch 3, 3.25 Fire pumps and fire main system 3.25.4 through adjacent nozzles of sizes required by Pt 17, Ch 3, 3.25 Fire pumps and fire main system 3.25.9:

   4000 tons gross and over	4 bar (0,4 N/mm2)
   Less than 4000 tons gross	3 bar (0,3 N/mm2)

2. The maximum pressure at any hydrant shall not exceed that at which the effective control of a fire-hose can be demonstrated.

3.25.6  Number and position of hydrants:

1. The number and position of the hydrants are to be such that at least two jets of water not emanating from the same hydrant, one of which is to be from a single length of hose, may reach any part of the yacht normally accessible to the guests and crew while the yacht is being navigated. In yachts of 1000 tons gross or more, at least two hydrants are to be provided in the machinery spaces; in smaller yachts one hydrant will be accepted.

2. In the accommodation, service and machinery spaces, the number and position of hydrants are to be such that the requirements of (a) may be complied with when all watertight doors and all doors in main vertical zone bulkheads are closed.

3. Where access is provided to a machinery space of Category ‘A' at a low level, two hydrants are to be provided external to, but near the entrance to that machinery space.

3.25.7  Pipes and hydrants:

1. Materials readily rendered ineffective by heat are not to be used for fire mains. Where steel pipes are used, they are to be galvanised internally and externally. Cast iron pipes are not acceptable. The pipes and hydrants are to be so placed that the fire-hoses may be easily coupled to them. The arrangement of pipes and hydrants shall be such as to avoid the possibility of freezing. Unless one hose and nozzle is provided for each hydrant in the yacht, there is to be complete interchangeability of hose couplings and nozzles.

2. A valve is to be fitted at each fire hydrant so that any fire-hose may be removed while the fire pump is at work.

3. Isolating valve(s) to isolate the section of the fire main within the Category ‘A' machinery space containing the main fire pump(s) from the rest of the fire main are to be fitted in an easily accessible and tenable position outside the Category ‘A' machinery space. The fire main is to be so arranged that when the isolating valve(s) is shut, all the hydrants on the yacht, except those in the Category ‘A' machinery space referred to above, can be supplied with water by a fire pump not located in this Category ‘A' machinery space through pipes which do not enter this space.

3.25.8  Fire-hoses:

1. Fire-hoses are to be of approved non-perishable material. The hoses are to be sufficient in length to project a jet of water to any of the spaces in which they may be required to be used. Their length, in general, is not to exceed 18 m. Each hose is to be provided with a nozzle and the necessary couplings. Fire-hoses, together with any necessary fittings and tools, are to be kept ready for use in conspicuous positions near the water service hydrants or connections.

2. There is to be at least one fire-hose for each of the hydrants required by Pt 17, Ch 3, 3.25 Fire pumps and fire main system 3.25.6.

3.25.9  Nozzles:

1. For the purpose of this Chapter, standard nozzle sizes are to be 12 mm, 16 mm or 19 mm, or as near thereto as possible, so as to make full use of the maximum discharge capacity of the fire pumps.

2. For accommodation and service spaces, the nozzle size need not exceed 12 mm.

3. For machinery spaces and exterior locations, the nozzle size is to be such as to obtain the maximum discharge possible from two jets at the pressure indicated in Pt 17, Ch 3, 3.25 Fire pumps and fire main system 3.25.5 from the smallest pump, however a nozzle size greater than 19 mm need not be used.

4. All nozzles are to be of an approved dual purpose type (i.e. spray/jet type) incorporating a shut-off.

3.25.10  Location and arrangement of water pumps, etc. for other fire-extinguishing systems. Pumps required for the provision of water for other fire-extinguishing systems required by this Chapter, are to have their sources of power and their controls installed outside the space or spaces protected by such systems and are to be so arranged that a fire in the space or spaces protected will not put any such system out of action.

3.25.11  International shore connection. At least one is to be provided.

3.26.1 Category ‘A' machinery spaces containing internal combustion machinery are to be provided with:

1. one of the fire-extinguishing systems described in Pt 17, Ch 4, 3 Fixed fire-extinguishing systems in machinery spaces;

2. at least one set of portable air-foam equipment complying with Pt 17, Ch 3, 3.29 Automatic sprinkler, fire detection and fire-alarm system;

3. in each such space approved foam type fire-extinguishers, each of at least 45 litres capacity or equivalent, sufficient in number to enable foam or its equivalent to be directed on to any part of the fuel and lubricating oil pressure systems, gearing and other fire hazards; and

4. a sufficient number of portable foam extinguishers or equivalent are to be located so that no point in the space is more than 10 m walking distance from an extinguisher and that there are at least two such extinguishers in each such space.

3.26.2 Machinery spaces in yachts which are constructed mainly or wholly with alternative forms of construction, containing internal combustion machinery, are to comply with the requirements of Pt 17, Ch 3, 3.26 Fire-extinguishing arrangements in spaces containing internal combustion machinery 3.26.1.

3.27.1 Category ‘A' machinery spaces containing fuel oil units are to be provided with one of the fixed fire-extinguishing systems described in Pt 17, Ch 4, 3 Fixed fire-extinguishing systems in machinery spaces.

3.27.2 There are to be at least two portable foam extinguishers or equivalent in each space in which a part of the fuel oil unit is situated.

3.28.1 For the limitations on the use of oil as a fuel, see Pt 15, Ch 3 Machinery Piping Systems.

3.29.1 A fixed automatic sprinkler, fire detection and fire-alarm system, or equivalent system (e.g. watermist), is to be fitted in all stairways, service spaces, control stations and accommodation spaces except spaces which afford no fire risk such as void spaces.

3.29.2 The arrangements are to be in accordance with Pt 17, Ch 4, 1 Automatic sprinkler, fire detection and fire-alarm systems.

3.30.1 Where a fixed fire-extinguishing system not required by this Section is installed, the arrangement is to comply with the relevant requirements of this Chapter.

3.31.1 A portable foam applicator unit is to consist of an air foam nozzle of an inductor type capable of being connected to the fire main by a fire-hose, together with a portable tank containing at least 20 litres of foam-making liquid and one spare tank. The nozzle is to be capable of producing effective foam, suitable for extinguishing an oil fire, at the rate of at least 1,5 m³ /min

3.32.1 All fire-extinguishers are to comply with the requirements of Pt 17, Ch 4, 6 Fire-extinguishers (portable and non-portable).

3.32.2 The extinguishers are to be stowed in readily accessible positions.

3.32.3 One of the portable fire-extinguishers, or the portable fire-extinguisher, dedicated for use in any space is to be stowed near the entrance to that space.

3.32.4 At least one portable fire-extinguisher is to be located so that it can easily be reached from the main steering position of the yacht.

3.32.5 Accommodation spaces, service spaces and control stations are to be provided with a sufficient number of portable fire-extinguishers to ensure that at least one extinguisher will be readily available for use in every compartment. In any case, their number is to be not less than five.

3.32.6 Where cooking facilities are provided, a portable fire-extinguisher of a type appropriate to the energy source used is to be located in a position readily accessible for use in the event of a fire.

3.33.1 A fire blanket is to be installed in all galleys.

3.34.1 Spaces containing vehicles or craft with fuel in their tanks, or lockers storing such fuels, are to be provided with the following:

1. A fixed fire detection and fire-alarm system complying with the requirements of Pt 16, Ch 1, 2.8 Fire detection and fire alarm systems.

2. A manually-operated water spray deluge system having a water application rate of 5 litres per square metre of deck area per minute. Where the deck height does not exceed 2,5 m, an application rate of 3,5 litres per square metre of deck area per minute will be accepted. Adequate drainage of the protected spaces is to be provided generally in accordance with the requirements for vehicle or cargo space, see Pt 3, Ch 4, 9.4 Scupper arrangements 9.4.4. The drainage piping and connections for the space are to be non-combustible. Other fixed fire-extinguishing systems may be permitted, provided they are not less effective in controlling the type of fire likely to occur.

3. At least two portable foam extinguishers, or equivalent;

4. An independent mechanical ventilation system, which is entirely separate from other ventilation systems, providing at least six air changes per hour. The ducted air is not to pass through other spaces, except as allowed under Pt 17, Ch 3, 3.16 Ventilation systems 3.16.4, or vent into areas where it could be drawn into accommodation areas or cause undue hazard.

5. Electrical equipment of a safe type is to be provided, see Pt 16, Ch 2, 14 Electrical equipment for use in explosive atmospheres

6. Prominently displayed 'No Smoking' signs; and

7. Structural fire protection as required by Table 3.3.2 Fire integrity of bulkheads separating adjacent spaces and Table 3.3.3 Fire integrity of decks separating adjacent spaces.

3.34.2 Such spaces are not to give access to any space other than the fuel store or lockers for use within the space. Lockers storing fuel are to be accessed from an exterior location, unless the locker is within the space containing the vehicles or craft. Exceptionally, where the engine room escape cannot be routed elsewhere, it may exit into the space providing that:

1. the connecting door is self-closing;

2. no door hold-back devices are fitted;

3. an audible and visual alarm is fitted on the bridge to signify when the door is open; and

4. a notice is posted at the door stating that the door is to remain closed and that the area beside the door is an escape route and is to be kept clear.

3.34.3 The requirements of Pt 17, Ch 3, 3.17 Fuel oil arrangements are to be complied with, as appropriate.

3.35.1 Paint lockers and flammable liquid lockers of deck area 4 m² or more are to be provided with a fixed fire-extinguishing system enabling the crew to extinguish a fire without entering the space. One of the following systems is to be provided:

• A carbon dioxide system designed for 40 per cent of the gross volume of the space.
• A dry powder system designed to discharge 0,5 kg powder per cubic metre of gross volume of the space.
• A water spray system designed to give a coverage of 5 litres per square metre of deck area per minute. Water spray systems may be connected to the fire main.

3.35.2 Consideration will be given to the acceptance of other arrangements which provide equivalent protection.

3.35.3 Lockers having a deck area of less than 4 m² may be protected by carbon dioxide or dry powder portable extinguishers located near the entrance to the locker.

3.36.1 Where deep-fat cooking equipment is installed, all installations are to fitted with:

1. an automatic or manual fixed extinguishing system type approved in accordance with ISO 15371, Ships and marine technology-Fire extinguishing systems for protection of galley deep-fat cooking equipment-Fire tests, or an acceptable alternative National or International Standard, for protection of the deep-fat cooking equipment;

2. a primary and back up thermostat with an alarm to alert the operator in the event of failure of either thermostat;

3. arrangements for automatically shutting off the deep-fat cooking equipment electrical power upon activation of the fire-extinguishing system;

4. an alarm for indicating operation of the fire-extinguishing system in the galley where the equipment is installed; and

5. controls for manual operation of the fire-extinguishing system which are clearly labelled for ready use by the crew.

Control and electrical engineering arrangements are to be in accordance with the requirements of Pt 16, Ch 1 Control Engineering Systems and Pt 16, Ch 2 Electrical Engineering, as applicable.

3.36.2 For fryers of up to 15 litres cooking oil capacity, the provision of a suitably sized extinguisher of a suitable type located for specific use on the cooking equipment together with manual isolation of the electrical power supply may be considered an acceptable alternative to Pt 17, Ch 3, 3.36 Arrangements where deep fat cooking equipment is installed 3.36.1 provided the arrangements are to the satisfaction of the National Administration.

3.37.1 The requirements of IMO Resolution A.855(20) – Standards for On-Board Helicopter Facilities – (Adopted on 27 November 1997) are to be complied with having due regard to the hazards involved.

3.37.2 If a helicopter hangar is not provided and if two fireman's outfits are supplied as per Pt 17, Ch 3, 3.38 Fireman's outfit 3.38.1, then the fireman's outfits required by IMO Resolution A.855(20) – Standards for On-Board Helicopter Facilities – (Adopted on 27 November 1997) need not be provided.

3.38.1 Each yacht is to carry at least two fireman's outfits complying with Pt 17, Ch 4, 4 Fireman's outfits. Additional fireman's outfits are to be provided as applicable to ensure that at least two fireman's outfits are stored in each main vertical zone.

3.38.2 The fireman's outfits are to be so stored as to be easily accessible and ready for use. Where more than two fireman's outfits are required, they are to be located in widely separated positions. At least two fireman's outfits are to be available at any one position.

3.38.3 Additional sets of personal equipment and breathing apparatus may be required, having due regard to the size of the yacht.

3.39.1 Fire-control plans are to meet the requirements of Pt 17, Ch 4, 5 Fire-control plans.