Section
7 Bulkheads and deep tanks
7.1 General
7.1.1 The requirements
of this Section apply to a vertical system of stiffening on bulkheads.
They may also be applied to a horizontal system of stiffening provided
that equivalent support and alignment are provided.
7.1.4 For bulkheads
in way of partially filled holds or tanks, sloshing forces may be
required to be taken into account. Where such forces are likely to
be significant, the scantlings will be required to be verified by
additional calculations.
7.1.5 A centreline
bulkhead is, generally, to be fitted in deep tanks which extend from
side to side. The bulkhead may be intact or perforated as desired.
If intact, the scantlings are to comply with the requirements of Pt 7, Ch 3, 7.5 Deep tank stiffening and Pt 7, Ch 3, 7.6 Double bottom tanks for
tank boundary bulkheads. If perforated, they are to comply with the
requirements of Pt 7, Ch 3, 7.13 Wash plates for washplates.
7.2 Watertight bulkhead plating
7.3 Watertight bulkhead stiffening
7.3.1 The Rule
requirements for section modulus, inertia and web area are to be determined
from the general equations given in Pt 7, Ch 3, 1.17 Stiffening general,
using the design pressure from Pt 5, Ch 3, 3.1 Hull structures or Pt 5, Ch 4, 3.1 Hull structures for
non-displacement or displacement craft as appropriate, and the coefficients ΦZ, ΦI, and ΦA as detailed in Table 3.1.1 Section modulus, inertia and web
area coefficients using the appropriate load
model.
7.3.2 Bulkheads
are to be suitably strengthened, if necessary, at the ends of deck
girders and where subjected to concentrated loads.
7.4 Deep tank plating
7.4.2 A centreline bulkhead is, generally, to be fitted in deep tanks which extend from side
to side of the craft. The bulkhead may be intact or perforated as desired. If intact,
the plate scantlings are to be as required for boundary bulkheads.
7.5 Deep tank stiffening
7.5.1 Deep tank bulkhead stiffeners are to be bracketed at both ends.
7.5.2 Stiffening on a perforated centreline bulkhead in a tank that extends from side to side
may be 50 per cent of that required for boundary bulkheads, using a head measured to the
crown of the tank.
7.5.3 The Rule requirements for section modulus, inertia and web area are to be
determined from the general equations given in Pt 7, Ch 3, 1.17 Stiffening general,
using the design pressure from Pt 5, Ch 3, 3.1 Hull structures or Pt 5, Ch 4, 3.1 Hull structures for non-displacement or displacement craft as
appropriate, and the coefficients ΦZ, ΦI, and ΦA as
detailed in Table 3.1.1 Section modulus, inertia and web
area coefficients for load model (b).
7.6 Double bottom tanks
7.6.2 Where the
crown of a double bottom tank forms a vehicle, passenger or other
deck, the requirements of Pt 7, Ch 3, 8 Deck structures are
to be complied with.
7.7 Collision bulkheads
7.7.1 The scantlings
of collision bulkheads are to comply with the requirements of Pt 7, Ch 3, 7.2 Watertight bulkhead plating and Pt 7, Ch 3, 7.3 Watertight bulkhead stiffening except
that the thickness of plating and modulus of stiffeners are not to
be less than 12 and 25 per cent greater respectively, than required
by Pt 7, Ch 3, 7.2 Watertight bulkhead plating and Pt 7, Ch 3, 7.3 Watertight bulkhead stiffening. If the collision bulkhead forms the boundary of a deep
tank or cofferdam then the requirements of Pt 7, Ch 3, 7.4 Deep tank plating and Pt 7, Ch 3, 7.4 Deep tank plating are also to be
complied with.
7.8 Gastight bulkheads
7.8.2 Gastight
bulkheads are to be fitted to protect accommodation spaces from gases
and vapour fumes from machinery exhaust and fuel systems.
7.9 Non-watertight or partial bulkheads
7.9.1 Where a
bulkhead is structural but non-watertight the scantlings are in general
to be as for watertight bulkheads or equivalent in strength to web
frames in the same position. Partial bulkheads that are non-structural
are outside the scope of classification.
7.10 Transmission of pillar loads
7.11 Corrugated bulkheads
7.11.1 The plating
thickness and section modulus for symmetrical corrugated bulkheads
are to be in accordance with watertight bulkheads or deep tank bulkheads
as appropriate. The spacing, s, is to be taken as s
c, as defined in Figure 2.3.1 Corrugation .
7.12 Stiffeners passing through bulkheads
7.12.1 Primary
longitudinal stiffening members are to be continuous through transverse
bulkheads.
7.12.2 Pipe
or cable runs through watertight bulkheads are to be fitted with suitable
watertight glands.
7.13 Wash plates
7.13.1 Tanks
are to be subdivided as necessary by internal baffles or wash plates.
Baffles or wash plates which support hull framing are to have scantlings
equivalent to web frames in the same position.
7.13.2 Wash
plates and wash bulkheads are, in general, to have an area of perforation
not less than 10 per cent of the total area of the bulkhead. The perforations
are to be so arranged that the efficiency of the bulkhead as a support
is not impaired.
7.13.3 The plate
thickness is to be not less than the structural element from which
the wash bulkhead is formed.
7.14 Cofferdams
7.14.1 A cofferdam
is to be fitted between freshwater and fuel oil or sanitary tanks.The
scantlings of cofferdams are to comply with the requirements of deep
tank bulkheads or non-watertight bulkheads as appropriate.
7.15 Coatings
7.15.1 Integral
freshwater and fuel oil tanks need not in general be coated provided
they are constructed from suitable marine grade aluminium alloys in
accordance with Ch 8 Aluminium Alloys of the Rules
for Materials. Where tanks are to be coated, then all surfaces are
to be cleaned and dried after testing and then treated with a suitable
coating in accordance with the coating manufacturer's recommendations. See
Pt 7, Ch 2, 2.6 Paints and coatings.
7.16 Air pipes
7.17 Fire protection
7.18 Access
7.18.1 Compartments
within the craft are to be accessible in order to facilitate proper
maintenance and future structural surveys. Linings on craft sides,
deckheads and bulkheads etc. must be capable of being removed. Similarly
sufficient space must be available below lower decks/soles to provide
proper access to the bottom structure. An adequate number of manholes,
removable panels etc. are to be provided.
7.18.2 Doors
and hatches fitted through watertight bulkheads are to be of equivalent
construction to the bulkhead in which they are fitted, to be permanently
attached and capable of being closed watertight from both sides of
the bulkhead. They are to be tested watertight.
7.18.3 Doors
and hatches are not to be fitted in collision bulkheads, except in
craft of less than 21 metres Rule length or where it would be impracticable
to arrange access to the forepeak other than through the collision
bulkhead. Where fitted, the doors and hatches are to be watertight,
as small as practicable and open into the forepaw compartment. Doors
in collision bulkheads are to be kept closed at all times while the
craft is at sea, see
Pt 3, Ch 2, 4.3 Collision bulkhead 4.3.4.
7.19 Testing
7.19.1 Deep
tanks are to be tested on completion, with a head of water to the
top of the overflow, or 1,8 m above the crown of the tank, whichever
is the greater. The pressure to which the tanks will be subjected
in service is to be indicated on the plans submitted.
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