LR Part A-1. Specific Requirements for Ships Using Ammonia as Fuel

LR A-2-01a The general requirements in the Rules and Regulations for the Classification of Ships using Gases or other Low-flashpoint Fuels, Preamble and Rules and Regulations for the Classification of Ships using Gases or other Low-flashpoint Fuels,, Part A are applicable to the use of ammonia, together with the specific requirements herein.

• 5 Ship Design and Arrangement
• 6 Fuel Containment System
• 7 Material and General Pipe Design
• 8 Bunkering
• 9 Fuel Supply to Consumers
• 10 Power Generation Including Propulsion and Other Consumers
• 11 Fire Safety
• 12 Explosion and toxic injury prevention
• 13 Ventilation
• 14 Electrical Installations
• 15 Control, Monitoring and Safety Systems

LR A-1-02a Ships complying with the requirements of Appendix LR2, Part A and Appendix LR2, Part A-1 of the Rules and Regulations for the Classification of Ships using Gases or other Low-flashpoint Fuels and fuelled by ammonia (AM) will be eligible for assignment of the LFPF(GF,AM) notation.

LR A-2-02b Ships complying with the requirements of Appendix LR2 , Part A and Appendix LR2 , Part A-1 of the Rules and Regulations for the Classification of Ships using Gases or other Low-flashpoint Fuels in preparation to be fuelled by ammonia (AM) will be eligible for assignment of the GR(AM,A), GR(AM,S), GR(AM,T), GR(AM,P) and GR(AM,E) descriptive notes (or combination thereof).

LR A-1-03b Ship profile, principle of operation and risk assessment

• 1. a concept of operation document. This should at least include a statement of an Owner’s intentions for the operation of the ship and a description of the ship’s intended service in terms of purpose and function;
• 2. emergency response plan and procedures;
• 3. RBC-1 Design and Safety Statement report, RBC-2 Risk Assessment report, RBC-3 Supporting Studies report, RBC-4 Final Design Assessment, and RBC-5 Construction and In-service Assessment; and,
• 4. ammonia gas dispersion analysis, as required by an action/recommendation in the risk assessment and as required by RBC.

LR A-1-03c Ship design and arrangement

• 1. details of enclosures or casing plans where they function as a safeguard for ammonia fuelled machinery/equipment and any airlocks where access is required;
• 2. general arrangement plans showing relative arrangements between the fuel bunkering stations, fuel containment system, fuel processing equipment, fuel consuming equipment, high fire and toxic risk areas (such as tank access hatches, vent pipe openings and any other openings to the fuel tanks), accommodation, entrances, air inlets and openings to accommodation, service and control spaces, and other tanks containing flammable and/or toxic substances;
• 3. Process Flow Diagrams (PFDs) and Piping and Instrumentation Diagrams (P&IDs) for all equipment containing ammonia fuel. This is to include all pipework and equipment from the bunker connection through to the consumers inclusive of operating and design conditions and overpressure protection device calculations;
• 4. ventilation system plans and calculations for spaces containing ammonia machinery, equipment and/or components including air-locks, ventilation hoods, pipe ducting and any dampers, closing appliances and the controls for stopping the system. Plans are to indicate hazardous areas where appropriate;
• 5. hazardous area classification plans (indicating the location of hazardous areas and their openings, access and ventilation arrangements) and associated dispersion studies; and,
• 6. toxic area plans (indicating the location of toxic areas zones and their openings, access and ventilation arrangements) and associated studies.

LR A-1-03d Materials

• 1. details of all materials in contact with ammonia under all foreseeable conditions shall be submitted including metallics and non-metallics (e.g. polymers, composite, elastomer, etc.). This shall identify the associated system, equipment or component and the operating environment, including the temperature range and pressure range, where applicable;
• 2. where applicable, including when material compatibility is not prescriptively stated in the LR Rules, the following shall be submitted:
  • historical data of materials used in same or similar operational and product environments; and,
  • specific guidance, standards and recommendations associated with the material type, construction and operational considerations;
• 3. material specification and material test data (in accordance with LR Rules, and National and International Standards). For guidance on material selection please refer to Section 7.4 Materials; and,
• 4. for materials utilised in the ammonia system: If materials are subjected to laboratory qualification testing (to determine ammonia compatibility), the test results shall be recorded in the qualification test report and submitted for appraisal.

LR A-1-03e Fuel containment, preparation and supply

• 1. fuel system plans detailing the design limits of the containment system, including temperature, pressure, and applicable external loads. Details are also to include the maximum potential generation of gas or vapour and the associated systems to contain it under all envisaged operating conditions with the normal operation procedures and maintenance procedures;
• 2. fuel piping system plans including details of the piping design including loads/cyclic loads, materials, installation, ducting, valves, compressors, heat exchangers, fittings, pressure relief, expansion, ventilation and purging arrangements;
• 3. plans and details of the fuel storage tanks and pressure vessels/heat exchangers, including filling and relief arrangements;
• 4. details including the specification, drawings and associated calculations for the mitigation measures against an ammonia vapour release, as required in Part A-1, LR 10.3-04;
• 5. details including the specification, drawings and associated calculations for the compressors, pumps, vaporisers, heaters and pressure vessels/heat exchangers;
• 6. evidence of pipe stress (against combined operational load including superimposed acceleration loads) and fatigue analysis (against all cycles e.g. pressure, temperature, and external loads for all applicable operations) for all pressurised fuel piping arrangements as required by the Rules and Regulations for the Classification of Ships using Gases or other Low-flashpoint Fuels, Part A-1, LR 7.3-04;
• 7. plans and details of the purging and inerting arrangements; and,
• 8. justification of the inerting system capacity for the operational scenarios and concept of operation of the vessel.

LR A-1-03f Power generation prime movers and accessories

The documentation to be submitted for fuel cell power installations is stated in Pt 5, Ch 26, 3 Documents for review of the Rules and Regulations for the Classification of Ships, July 2022.

The documentation for reciprocating internal combustion engines stated below is in addition to those required in Pt 5, Ch 2, 1.4 Submission requirements 1.4.1 of the Rules and Regulations for the Classification of Ships, July 2022.

The documentation for reciprocating internal combustion engines described below is to be submitted:

• 1. engine Safety Concept, as per Part A-1, LR 10.3-01;
• 2. fuel specification required by the consumers for primary, secondary and pilot fuel, as necessary;
• 3. operating and maintenance manuals;
• 4. Type Approval documentation for ancillaries such as Explosion Relief Valves (crankcase, charge air manifold, exhaust gas manifold, as applicable), oil mist detectors, control systems and turbochargers, as applicable;
• 5. description of and evidence for software production and conformity;
• 6. schematic layout or other equivalent documents of the gas system of the engine;
• 7. gas piping system (including double-walled arrangement along with closures where applicable), and ventilation system and associated supporting calculations;
• 8. details of the fixed gas, leak detection, monitoring, alarm and safety systems;
• 9. parts for the gas admission system, including specification of pressures, pipe dimensions and materials;
• 10. arrangement of Explosion Relief Valves, crankcase, charge air manifold and exhaust gas manifold, as applicable;
• 11. list of certified safe equipment and evidence of relevant certification;
• 12. schematic layout or other equivalent documents of the fuel oil system (main and pilot fuel systems) of the engine;
• 13. shielding of high-pressure fuel pipes for pilot fuel system assembly;
• 14. high pressure parts for the pilot fuel oil injection system, including specification of pressures, pipe dimensions and materials;
• 15. details of the ignition plans and particulars, as necessary; and,
• 16. electrical bonding and earthing strategy and arrangements.

LR A-1-03g Fire safety

• 1. details of any special fire-extinguishing media required or details of any hazards presented as a result of using water or other standard fire-extinguishing media on any part of the ammonia fuel and consuming system.
• 2. a fire control plan meeting the requirements of SOLAS Chapter II-2, Regulation 15.2.4.
• 3. a plan detailing the fire detector loops and location of fire detectors.
• 4. a structural fire protection plan showing the main fire zones, the fire compartmentation bulkheads and the decks within the main fire zones, including fire risk categorisation of spaces and class of all fire divisions; the plan is to also allow identification of different types of spaces and their use.
• 5. a plan showing the arrangement of fire-fighting systems, including the waterspray system protecting external surfaces. The plan is to show details of any such fixed fire-fighting system, including calculations for the quantities of the media used and the proposed rates of application, and the system documentation.
• 6. a plan showing the arrangement of the fire-main system protecting any space, including the fuel storage hold space, fuel containment system and low-flashpoint fuel storage tanks, and ventilation trunks to such spaces, if any. The plan is to show the layout and construction of the fire main, including the main and emergency fire pumps, isolating valves, pipe sizes and materials, and the cross-connections to any other systems.
• 7. a plan indicating the details of the proposed escape routes, including the location of respiratory and eye protection for emergency escape (e.g. EEBD).

LR A-1-03h Control, monitoring and safety systems

• 1. description and plans of control and monitoring systems and fuel changeover arrangements for dual-fuelled machinery, including line diagrams of control circuits and lists of monitoring, control and alarm points;
• 2. description and plans of emergency shutdown arrangements, including a list of control, monitoring and alarm points;
• 3. a plan detailing the fixed fuel gas/vapour detection and alarm system plans;
• 4. description of and evidence for software production and conformity;
• 5. schedule of the parameters which are monitored and controlled, including alarms and shutdown devices; and,
• 6. a cause and effect diagram indicating the causes and results of activation of all shutdowns associated with the ammonia fuel system.

5.1 Goal

LR 5.1-01 The goal of this Chapter is to provide for safe location, space arrangements and mechanical protection of power generation equipment, fuel storage systems, fuel supply equipment and refuelling systems.

5.2 Functional requirements

5.3 General

LR 5.3-01 The general requirements for the ship design and arrangement shall be in accordance with the Rules and Regulations for the Classification of Ships using Gases or other Low-flashpoint Fuels, Part A-1, 5.3 Regulations – General.

5.4 Machinery space

LR 5.4-01 Machinery spaces shall be in accordance with the Rules and Regulations for the Classification of Ships using Gases or other Low-flashpoint Fuels, Part A-1, 5.4 Machinery space concepts 5.4.1.

5.5 Gas-safe machinery space

LR 5.5-01 Gas-safe machinery spaces shall be in accordance with the Rules and Regulations for the Classification of Ships using Gases or other Low-flashpoint Fuels, Part A-1, 5.5 Regulations for gas safe machinery space.

5.6 Location and protection of fuel piping

LR 5.6-01 The location and protection of fuel containment systems shall be in accordance with the Rules and Regulations for the Classification of Ships using Gases or other Low-flashpoint Fuels, Part A-1, 5.7 Regulations for location and protection of fuel piping 5.7.1 to Part A-1, 5.7 Regulations for location and protection of fuel piping 5.7.3 inclusive.

5.7 Fuel preparation room

LR 5.7-01 Fuel preparation rooms shall be in accordance with the Rules and Regulations for the Classification of Ships using Gases or other Low-flashpoint Fuels, Part A-1, 5.8 Regulations for fuel preparation room design LR 5.8-02 and Part A-1, 5.8 Regulations for fuel preparation room design LR 5.8-04, together with the additional requirement(s) of this Section.

LR 5.7-02 Fuel preparation room shall contain only equipment essential for fuel preparation and any necessary safety related equipment.

LR 5.7-03 Fuel preparation rooms shall be arranged to safely contain and manage leakage. The Reasonably Foreseeable Worst Case leakage shall be determined.

LR 5.7-04 The fuel preparation room shall be provided with ventilation in accordance with Appendix LR2, Part A-1, 13.6 Fuel preparation room of these Rules.

5.8 Bilge systems

LR 5.8-01 Bilge systems shall be in accordance with the Rules and Regulations for the Classification of Ships using Gases or other Low-flashpoint Fuels, Part A-1, 5.9 Regulations for bilge systems, together with the additional requirement(s) of this Section.

LR 5.8-02 Bilge wells shall be provided with a high-level alarm and gas detection as applicable.

LR 5.8-03 Bilge well capacity shall consider activation of water screens where fitted.

LR 5.8-04 If a dedicated ammonia contaminated water holding tank is provided on board, the bilge system shall be segregated from other bilge systems and the arrangement shall be subject to special consideration within the risk assessment.

5.9 Drip trays

LR 5.9-01 Drip trays shall be in accordance with the Rules and Regulations for the Classification of Ships using Gases or other Low-flashpoint Fuels, Part A-1, 5.10 Regulations for drip trays.

5.10 Bunkering station

LR 5.10-01 Bunkering stations shall be in accordance with Appendix LR2, Part A-1, 8.3 Bunkering station of these Rules, together with the additional requirement(s) of this Section.

LR 5.10-02 Bunkering stations shall contain only equipment essential for bunkering and any necessary safety related equipment.

LR 5.10-03 Bunkering stations shall be arranged to safely contain and manage leakage. The Reasonably Foreseeable Worst Case leakage shall be determined.

LR 5.10-04 Bunkering stations shall be provided with ventilation in accordance with Appendix LR2, Part A-2, 13.7 Bunkering station of these Rules.

5.10 Tank connection space

LR 5.10-01 Tank connection spaces shall be in accordance with Appendix LR2, Part A-1, 6. Fuel Containment System, 6.3 General of the Rules and Regulations for the Classification of Ships using Gases or other Low-flashpoint Fuels.

5.11 Arrangement of entrances and other openings in enclosed spaces

LR 5.11-01 Entrances to spaces containing ammonia supplied machinery and equipment shall be in accordance with the Rules and Regulations for the Classification of Ships using Gases or other Low-flashpoint Fuels, Part A-1, 5.11 Regulations for arrangement of entrances and other openings in enclosed spaces 5.11.1 to Part A-1, 5.11 Regulations for arrangement of entrances and other openings in enclosed spaces5.11.5 inclusive, together with the additional requirement(s) of this Section.

LR 5.11-02 Bunkering stations, tank connection spaces, and fuel preparation rooms shall have two means of escape as widely separated as possible, one of which is to open outwards and give direct access to the open deck. Where direct access to the open deck is not practicable, an airlock shall be provided.

LR 5.11-03 Water screens shall be provided on the outside of all access doors to bunkering stations, tank connection spaces, and fuel preparation rooms, which shall be operable manually from outside the compartment and automatically in the event of gas detection or emergency shutdown.

LR 5.11-04 Access doors or hatches to bunkering stations, tank connection spaces, and fuel preparation rooms shall be gastight towards other enclosed spaces in the ship and adjacent open areas.

5.12 Airlocks

LR 5.12-01 Airlocks serving spaces containing machinery and equipment containing ammonia shall be in accordance with the Rules and Regulations for the Classification of Ships using Gases or other Low-flashpoint Fuels, Part A-1, 5.12 Regulations for airlocks.

5.13 Personal protective equipment

LR 5.13-01 Any personal protective equipment (PPE) identified in the risk assessment is to be provided in accordance with the requirements of, and to the satisfaction of, the Administration.

6.1 Goal

LR 6.1-01 The goal of this Chapter is to provide that gas storage is adequate so as to minimize the risk to personnel, the ship and the environment to a level that is equivalent to a conventional oil fuelled ship.

6.2 Functional requirements

6.3 General

LR 6.3-01 The general requirements for the fuel containment system shall be in accordance with the Rules and Regulations for the Classification of Ships using Gases or other Low-flashpoint Fuels, Part A-1, 6.3 Regulations - General 6.3.2, 6.3.3, LR6.3-01, 6.3.5 to 6.3.9, LR6.3-02, 6.3.11 and 6.3.12, together with the additional requirement(s) of this Section.

LR 6.3-02 All tank connections, fittings, flanges and tank valves are to be enclosed in gastight tank connection spaces. The space shall be able to safely contain leakage in case of leakage from the tank connections.

6.4 Liquefied gas fuel containment

LR 6.4-01 Fuel containment tanks shall be in accordance with Ch 4, Part E - Tank Types of the Rules and Regulations for the Construction and Classification of Ships for the Carriage of Liquefied Gases in Bulk, July 2022.

LR 6.4-02 Secondary barriers in relation to the tank types are to be in accordance with Ch 4, Part A, 4.5 Secondary barriers in relation to tank types of the Rules and Regulations for the Construction and Classification of Ships for the Carriage of Liquefied Gases in Bulk, July 2022.

LR 6.4-03 All materials for the construction of the fuel containment system are to be in accordance with Ch 6 Materials of Construction and Quality Control and Ch 17.12 Ammonia of the Rules and Regulations for the Construction and Classification of Ships for the Carriage of Liquefied Gases in Bulk, July 2022.

6.5 Portable fuel storage tanks

LR 6.5-01 Portable fuel storage tanks shall be in accordance with the Rules and Regulations for the Classification of Ships using Gases or other Low-flashpoint Fuels, Part A-1, 6.5 Regulations for portable liquefied gas fuel tanks.

6.6 Pressure relief system

LR 6.6-01 Fuel storage tank pressure relief systems shall be in accordance with the Rules and Regulations for the Classification of Ships using Gases or other Low-flashpoint Fuels, Part A-1, 6.7 Regulations for pressure relief system together with the additional requirement(s) of this Section.

LR 6.6-02 Rules and Regulations for the Classification of Ships using Gases or other Low-flashpoint Fuels, Part A-1, 6.7.2 Pressure relief systems for liquefied gas fuel tanks 6.7.2.8 shall be modified with the following: all vent mast exits shall be arranged at a distance at least equal to B or 25 m, whichever is less, from the nearest air intake, outlet or opening to accommodation spaces, services spaces and control stations, and other non-toxic and non-hazardous areas, or exhaust outlet from machinery installations.

6.7 Loading limit for liquefied gas fuel tanks

LR 6.7-01 Storage tank filling limits shall be in accordance with the Rules and Regulations for the Classification of Ships using Gases or other Low-flashpoint Fuels, Part A-1, 6.8 Regulations on loading limit for liquefied gas fuel tanks.

6.8 Maintaining of fuel storage condition

LR 6.8-01 Maintenance of the fuel storage condition shall be in accordance with the Rules and Regulations for the Classification of Ships using Gases or other Low-flashpoint Fuels, Part A-1, 6.9 Regulations for the maintaining of fuel storage condition.

6.9 Atmospheric control within the fuel containment system

LR 6.9-01 Atmospheric control within the fuel containment system shall be in accordance with the Rules and Regulations for the Classification of Ships using Gases or other Low-flashpoint Fuels, Part A-1, 6.10 Regulations on atmospheric control within the fuel containment system, together with the additional requirement(s) of this Section.

LR 6.9-02 The fuel containment system shall not vent fuel directly to atmosphere during normal operation. The ammonia concentration of fuel released to atmosphere shall not present a significant health hazard at the point of release.

LR 6.9-03 The release of fuel directly to atmosphere in an emergency situation shall be acceptably safe. The arrangements shall be specially considered and acceptable to the National Administration.

6.10 Atmosphere control within fuel storage hold spaces (other than Type C independent tanks)

LR 6.10-01 Atmosphere control shall be in accordance with the Rules and Regulations for the Classification of Ships using Gases or other Low-flashpoint Fuels, Part A-1, 6.11 Regulations on atmosphere control within fuel storage hold spaces (Fuel containment systems other than type C independent tanks).

6.11 Atmospheric control within fuel storage hold spaces surrounding Type C independent tanks

LR 6.11-01 Atmosphere control shall be in accordance with the Rules and Regulations for the Classification of Ships using Gases or other Low-flashpoint Fuels, Part A-1, 6.12 Regulations on environmental control of spaces surrounding type C independent tanks.

6.12 Inerting

LR 6.12-01 Inerting arrangements shall be in accordance with the Rules and Regulations for the Classification of Ships using Gases or other Low-flashpoint Fuels, Part A-1, 6.13 Regulations on inerting, together with the additional requirement(s) of this Section.

LR 6.12-02 Carbon dioxide may form carbonates in contact with ammonia and is therefore not permitted for use as an inert gas.

6.13 Inert gas production and storage on board

LR 6.13-01 Inerting gas production and storage shall be in accordance with the Rules and Regulations for the Classification of Ships using Gases or other Low-flashpoint Fuels, Part A-1, 6.14 Regulations on inert gas production and storage on board.

7.1 Goal

LR 7.1-01 The goal of this Chapter is to ensure the safe handling of fuel, under all operating conditions, to minimize the risk to the ship, personnel and to the environment, having regard to the nature of the products involved.

7.2 Functional requirements

7.3 General pipe design

LR 7.3-01 Pipe design shall be in accordance with the Rules and Regulations for the Classification of Ships using Gases or other Low-flashpoint Fuels, Part A-1, 7.3 Regulations for general pipe design.

LR 7.3-02 For piping systems the requirements of Pt 5, Ch 12, 1.6 Classes of piping systems and component, Pt 5, Ch 12, 9 Piping for LPG/LNG carriers, gas fuelled ships and classed refrigeration systems of the Rules and Regulations for the Classification of Ships, July 2022 are to be applied. Systems containing ammonia during normal or abnormal operation are to be considered as Class I systems irrespective of the operational pressure.

7.4 Materials

LR 7.4-01 Except where otherwise required by these Rules, materials are to comply with the relevant requirements of the Rules for the Manufacture, Testing and Certification of Materials, July 2022.

LR 7.4-02 Steels conforming to grades LT–DH 32, LT–EH 32 and LT–FH 32 of Table 3.6.3 Mechanical properties for acceptance purposes (see Note 1) of Ch 3 Rolled Steel Plates, Strip, Sections and Bars of the Rules for the Manufacture, Testing and Certification of Materials depending on the design temperature, are suitable for the construction of tanks for anhydrous ammonia, subject to the additional requirements of Sections LR 7.4-03 and LR 7.4-04.

LR 7.4-03 All plates, sections, forgings for fuel tanks, secondary barriers and process pressure vessels shall as a minimum fulfil the material and testing requirements stated in the Rules and Regulations for the Classification of Ships using Gases or other Low-flashpoint Fuels, Part A-1, 7.4 Regulations for materials, Table LR 7.2.

LR 7.4-04 All material and construction requirements shall be in accordance with Ch 17, 17.12 Ammonia of the Rules and Regulations for the Construction and Classification of Ships for the Carriage of Liquefied Gases in Bulk.

LR 7.4-05 For non-standard/alternative materials, the framework of MSC.1/Circ.1622 – Guidelines for the Acceptance of Alternative Metallic Materials for Cryogenic Service in Ships Carrying Liquefied Gases in Bulk and Ships Using Gases or Other Low-Flashpoint Fuels and MSC.1/Circ.1648– Amendments to the Guidelines for the Acceptance of Alternative Metallic Materials for Cryogenic Service in Ships Carrying Liquefied Gases in Bulk and Ships Using Gases or Other Low-Flashpoint Fuels shall be followed, as applicable. Furthermore, for LR acceptance of these materials, the Special Consideration Process shall be followed as detailed in the Guidance Notes for Special Consideration Process for Materials Application,together with the additional requirement(s) of this Section.

LR 7.4-06 The following materials of construction for the fuel system and associated pipes, valves, fittings and other items of equipment normally in direct contact with the fuel liquid or vapour shall not be used: mercury, copper and copper-bearing alloys, and zinc.

LR 7.4-07 All non-metallic materials (e.g. polymers, composite, elastomer, etc.) to be used in the construction of the bunkering stations, fuel containment system (including piping), fuel supply system, consumers and other associated equipment shall be identified, submitted to LR and where appropriate the requirements contained within the Rules and Regulations for the Classification of Ships for the Carriage of Liquefied Gases in Bulk, Appendix 4 – Non-metallic Materials shall be followed.

8.1 Goal

LR 8.1-01 The goal of this Chapter is to provide for suitable systems on board the ship to ensure that bunkering can be conducted without causing danger to persons, the environment or the ship.

8.2 Functional requirements

LR 8.2-01 This Chapter is related to functional requirements in 3.2.1 to 3.2.11 and 3.2.13 to 3.2.17. In particular the following applies:

• 1. the piping system for transfer of fuel to the storage tank shall be designed such that any leakage from the piping system cannot cause danger to personnel, the environment or the ship.

8.3 Bunkering station

LR 8.3-01 Bunkering stations shall be in accordance with the Rules and Regulations for the Classification of Ships using Gases or other Low-flashpoint Fuels, Part A-1, 8.3 Regulations for bunkering station, LR 8.3-01, 8.3.1.2 to 8.3.1.5, LR 8.3-03, 8.3.2 together with the additional requirement(s) of this Section.

LR 8.3-02 The bunkering station shall be closed or semi-enclosed.

LR 8.3-03 Bunkering stations shall be subject to special consideration within the risk assessment, with particular consideration given to in addition to Rules and Regulations for the Classification of Ships using Gases or other Low-flashpoint Fuels,Part A-1, LR 8.3-01:

• 1. the Reasonably Foreseeable Worst Case leakage scenario;
• 2. the toxic area plan for the ship; and
• 3. access to bunkering stations from non-toxic areas through airlocks.

LR 8.3-03 Drip trays are not to drain overboard.

8.4 Bunkering manifold

LR 8.4-01 Bunkering manifolds shall be in accordance with the Rules and Regulations for the Classification of Ships using Gases or other Low-flashpoint Fuels, Part A-1, 8.4 Regulations for manifold.

8.5 Bunkering system

LR 8.5-01 The bunkering system shall be in accordance with the Rules and Regulations for the Classification of Ships using Gases or other Low-flashpoint Fuels, Part A-1, 8.5 Regulations for bunkering system, together with the additional requirement(s) of this Section.

LR 8.5-02 Closure of remotely operated shutdown valves shall commence without delay but shall not create transient overpressures. The closing time shall be in accordance with the Rules and Regulations for the Classification of Ships using Gases or other Low-flashpoint Fuels, Part B-1, Ch 16, 16.7.3 System testing regulations 16.7.3.7.

9.1 Goal

LR 9.1-01 The goal of this Chapter is to ensure safe and reliable distribution of fuel to the consumers.

9.2 Functional requirements

LR 9.2-01 This Chapter is related to functional requirements in 3.2.1 to 3.2.6, 3.2.8 to 3.2.11 and 3.2.13 to 3.2.17. In particular the following apply:

• 1. the fuel supply system shall be so arranged that the consequences of any release of fuel will be minimized, while providing safe access for operation and inspection;
• 2. the piping system for fuel transfer to the consumers shall be designed in such a way that a failure of one barrier cannot lead to a leak from the piping system into the surrounding area causing danger to the persons on board, the environment or the ship;
• 3. fuel lines outside the machinery spaces shall be installed and protected so as to minimize the risk of injury to personnel and damage to the ship in case of leakage; and
• 4. the fuel supply system shall not vent directly to atmosphere during normal operation.

9.3 Redundancy of fuel supply

LR 9.3-01 The redundancy of the fuel supply system for single fuel installations shall be in accordance with the Rules and Regulations for the Classification of Ships using Gases or other Low-flashpoint Fuels, Part A-1, 9.3 Regulations on redundancy of fuel supply.

9.4 Safety functions of fuel supply system

LR 9.4-01 The safety functions of the fuel supply system shall be in accordance with the Rules and Regulations for the Classification of Ships using Gases or other Low-flashpoint Fuels, Part A-1, 9.4 Regulations on safety functions of gas supply system, together with the additional requirement(s) of this Section.

LR 9.4-02 The fuel supply system shall not vent fuel directly to atmosphere during normal operation including fuel changeover and engine stop, e.g. from double block and bleed valve arrangements. The ammonia concentration of fuel released to atmosphere shall not present a significant health hazard at the point of release.

LR 9.4-03 The release of fuel to atmosphere in an emergency situation shall be acceptably safe. Gas dispersion analyses will be specially considered and shall be acceptable to the National Administration.

LR 9.4-04 It shall be possible to empty, purge and inert fuel piping systems.

LR 9.4-05 Closure of remotely operated shutdown valves shall commence without delay but shall not create transient overpressures.

9.5 Fuel distribution outside of machinery spaces

LR 9.5-01 Fuel distribution outside of machinery spaces shall be in accordance with the Rules and Regulations for the Classification of Ships using Gases or other Low-flashpoint Fuels, Part A-1, 9.5 Regulations for fuel distribution outside of machinery space together with the additional requirement(s) of this Section.

LR 9.5-02 If fuel pipes on open spaces in the ship are not protected by a secondary enclosure, other solutions providing an equivalent level of safety shall be applied subject to special consideration within the risk assessment.

9.6 Fuel supply to consumers in gas-safe machinery spaces

LR 9.6-01 The fuel supply to consumers in gas-safe machinery spaces shall be in accordance with the Rules and Regulations for the Classification of Ships using Gases or other Low-flashpoint Fuels, Part A-1, 9.6 Regulations for fuel supply to consumers in gas-safe machinery spaces.

9.7 Design of ventilated duct and outer pipe against inner pipe gas leakage

LR 9.7-01 The design of fuel piping ventilated ducts and outer piping shall be in accordance with the Rules and Regulations for the Classification of Ships using Gases or other Low-flashpoint Fuels, Part A-1, 9.8 Regulations for the design of ventilated duct, outer pipe against inner pipe gas leakage.

9.8 Compressors and pumps

LR 9.8-01 Fuel compressors and pumps shall be in accordance with the Rules and Regulations for the Classification of Ships using Gases or other Low-flashpoint Fuels, Part A-1, 9.9 Regulations for compressors and pumps.

9.9 Vaporisers, heat exchangers and pressure vessels

LR 9.9-01 The design and arrangement of vaporisers, heat exchangers and pressure vessels shall be in accordance with the requirements of Pt 5, Ch 11 Other Pressure Vessels of the Rules and Regulations for the Classification of Ships or international or national standards (e.g. ASME) acceptable to LR.

10.1 Goal

LR 10.1-01 The goal of this Chapter is to provide safe and reliable delivery of mechanical, electrical or thermal energy.

10.2 Functional requirements

10.3 Internal combustion engines of piston type

LR 10.3-01 The general requirements for internal combustion engines of piston type shall be in accordance with the Rules and Regulations for the Classification of Ships using Gases or other Low-flashpoint Fuels, Part A-1, 10.3 Regulations for internal combustion engines of piston type,together with the additional requirement(s) of this Section.

LR 10.3-02 Internal combustion engines of piston type shall be in accordance with Pt 5, Ch 2 Reciprocating Internal Combustion Engines of the Rules and Regulations for the Classification of Ships, July 2022.

LR 10.3-03 In addition to demonstrating that the potential explosion hazards have been considered, the safety concept for the engine is also to take account of the toxic injury potential and is to document the arrangements to prevent toxic injury.

LR 10.3-04 The release of fuel directly to atmosphere during normal operation of the engine shall be prevented. The ammonia concentration of fuel released to atmosphere shall not present a significant health hazard at the point of release.

LR 10.3-05 The release of fuel directly to atmosphere in an emergency situation shall be acceptably safe. The arrangements shall be specially considered and acceptable to the National Administration.

LR 10.3-06 The ammonia concentration of engine exhaust gases released to atmosphere shall not present a significant health hazard at the point of release.

LR 10.3-07 The arrangements for purging of the engine exhaust gas system are to be considered in the safety concept for the engine.

LR 10.3-08 Exhaust gas emission abatement systems required to prevent the release of emissions which would otherwise present a significant health hazard are to be considered in the safety concept for the engine, including failure of the exhaust gas emission abatement system.

LR 10.3-09 Fuel gas detection shall be provided in locations where fuel gases may accumulate.

10.4 Fuel cell installations

LR 10.4-01 Fuel cell installations shall be in accordance with the requirements of Pt 5, Ch 26 Fuel Cell Power Installations of the Rules and Regulations for the Classification of Ships, July 2022.

11.1 Goal

LR 11.1-01 The goal of this Chapter is to provide for fire protection, detection and fighting for all system components related to the storage, conditioning, transfer and use of ammonia as ship fuel.

11.2 Functional requirements

LR 11.2-01 This Chapter is related to functional requirements in 3.2.2, 3.2.4, 3.2.5, 3.2.7, 3.2.12, 3.2.14, 3.2.15 and 3.2.17.

11.3 Fire protection

LR 11.3-01 Fire protection shall be in accordance with the Rules and Regulations for the Classification of Ships using Gases or other Low-flashpoint Fuels, Part A-1, 11.3 Regulations for fire protection 11.3.1 to Part A-1, 11.3 Regulations for fire protection LR 11.3-05.

11.4 Fire main

LR 11.4-01 Fire protection shall be in accordance with the Rules and Regulations for the Classification of Ships using Gases or other Low-flashpoint Fuels, Part A-1, 11.4 Regulations for fire main.

11.5 Waterspray system

LR 11.5-01 The waterspray system shall be in accordance with the Rules and Regulations for the Classification of Ships using Gases or other Low-flashpoint Fuels, Part A-1, 11.5 Regulations for waterspray system, together with the additional requirement(s) of this Section.

LR 11.5-02 The waterspray system shall also provide coverage for exposed safety related equipment both for fire and toxicity protection, including equipment determined necessary in the risk assessment.

LR 11.5-03 Manual activation points shall be readily accessible in non-hazardous and non-toxic areas.

LR 11.5-04 Those areas covered by waterspray should provide for safe transit for the exit of personal from those areas (e.g. secure walkways, gratings, non-slip surfaces, etc.).

11.6 Fire detection and alarm system.

LR 11.6-01 The fire detection and alarm system shall be in accordance with the Rules and Regulations for the Classification of Ships using Gases or other Low-flashpoint Fuels, Part A-1, 11.7 Regulations for fire detection and alarm system, together with the additional requirement(s) of this Section.

LR 11.6-01 The fire detection and alarm system shall also be in accordance Appendix LR2, Part A-1, Ch 15 Control, Monitoring and Safety Systems of these Rules.

12.1 Goal

LR 12.1-01 The goal of this Chapter is to provide for the prevention of explosions and for the limitation of their effects, and to provide for the prevention of toxic injury.

12.2 Functional requirements

12.3 General

LR 12.3-01 The general requirements for explosion and toxic injury prevention shall be in accordance with the Rules and Regulations for the Classification of Ships using Gases or other Low-flashpoint Fuels, Part A-1, 12.3 Regulations - General, together with the additional requirement(s) of this Section.

LR 12.3-02 In addition to a hazardous areas classification study, a toxic areas classification study is also to be undertaken. The objective of the study is to identify areas or spaces in which a toxic atmosphere is present or may be expected to be present, such that appropriate safeguards may be implemented and access to such areas restricted.

LR 12.3-03 The scope of the toxic areas classification study is to consider all machinery and equipment which could represent a source of release of toxic gas in:

• 1. normal operation, start-up, normal shutdown, non-use and emergency shutdown of the fuel-gas system; and,
• 2. equipment intended for recovery from unintended releases of gas (e.g. venting systems).

LR 12.3-04 Life-saving equipment, muster stations and escape routes from other locations shall not be located in hazardous and/or toxic areas.

12.4 Area classification

LR 12.4-01 Hazardous areas classification shall be in accordance with the Rules and Regulations for the Classification of Ships using Gases or other Low-flashpoint Fuels, Part A-1, 12.4 Regulations on area classification, together with the additional requirement(s) of this Section.

LR 12.4-02 Toxic areas classification shall be undertaken separately to hazardous areas classification.

LR 12.4-03 Toxic areas shall be classified into zones based upon the frequency of the occurrence and duration of a toxic atmosphere, as follows:

• Zone A: an area in which a toxic atmosphere is present continuously or for long periods or frequently; and,
• Zone B: an area in which a toxic atmosphere is not likely to occur during normal operation but, if it does occur, will persist for a short period only.

LR 12.4-04 A toxic atmosphere is considered to be one in which the ammonia concentration presents a significant health hazard.

12.5 Hazardous area zones

LR 12.5-01 Hazardous area zones shall be in accordance with the Rules and Regulations for the Classification of Ships using Gases or other Low-flashpoint Fuels, Part A-1, 12.5 Hazardous area zones.

12.6 Toxic area zones

LR 12.6-01 Toxic area zones shall be specially considered in accordance with the risk assessment required by 4.2 Risk assessment and Risk Based Certification (RBC) in Part A of this Appendix, and the safeguards considered necessary to prevent toxic injury are to be established.

LR 12.6-02 Zone A toxic areas include the interiors of fuel tanks, equipment and pipework containing fuel, and any pipework for pressure-relief or other venting systems for fuel tanks, pipes and equipment containing fuel.

LR 12.6-03 Zone B toxic areas include areas or spaces in which potential leak sources are located, including the interiors of ducts and double pipes and areas in the vicinity of openings and outlets from such areas and spaces.

LR 12.6-04 Vent mast outlets shall be arranged according to the following:

• 1. equal to B or 25 m, whichever is less, from the nearest air intake, outlet or opening to accommodation spaces, service spaces, control stations and other non-toxic and non-hazardous areas, exhaust outlets from machinery installations, or areas where unprotected persons may be present; and,
• 2. at least B/3 or 6 m, whichever is the greater, above the open deck, working areas, walkways and access gangways or areas where unprotected persons may be present.

LR 12.6-05 All other vent outlets shall be arranged according to the following:

• 1. at least 15 m from the nearest air intake, outlet or opening to accommodation spaces, service spaces, control stations and other non-toxic and non-hazardous areas, exhaust outlets from machinery installations, or areas where unprotected persons may be present; and,
• 2. at least 6 m above working areas, walkways and access gangways.

LR 12.6-06 All ventilation outlets from toxic areas shall be arranged according to the following:

• 1. at least 15 m from the nearest air intake, outlet or opening to accommodation spaces, service spaces, control stations and other non-toxic and non-hazardous areas, exhaust outlets from machinery installations, or areas where unprotected persons may be present; and,
• 2. at least 6 m above working areas, walkways and access gangways.

LR 12.6-07 Bunkering manifolds shall be arranged according to the following:

• 1. at least 15 m from the nearest air intake, outlet or opening to accommodation spaces, service spaces and control stations, exhaust outlets from machinery installations, or areas where unprotected persons may be present.

13.1 Goal

LR 13.1-01 The goal of this Chapter is to provide for the ventilation required for safe operation of gas-fuelled machinery and equipment.

13.2 Functional requirements

LR 13.2-01 This Chapter is related to functional requirements in 3.2.2, 3.2.5, 3.2.8, 3.2.10, 3.2.12 to 3.2.14 and 3.2.17.

13.3 General

LR 13.3-01 The general ventilation requirements shall be in accordance with the Rules and Regulations for the Classification of Ships using Gases or other Low-flashpoint Fuels, Part A-1, 13.3 Regulations – General, together with the additional requirement(s) of this Section.

LR 13.3-03 The number and power of the ventilation fans shall be such that 100 per cent of the required ventilation capacity remains available in each of the spaces listed in LR 13.3-02, if a fan with a separate circuit from the main switchboard or emergency switchboard, or a group of fans with common circuit from the main switchboard or emergency switchboard, is inoperable.

LR 13.3-04 Ventilation fan failure is to be indicated by an alarm at a continuously manned central control station with automatic changeover of ventilation fans where necessary to maintain the ventilation capacity as detailed in Table 1 Control, alarm safety systems.

LR 13.3-05 Loss of ventilation in the bunkering station or in ducts and double-walled pipes transferring bunker fuel to the fuel storage tank shall activate an emergency stop of the bunkering process via the ESD system.

LR 13.3-06 Loss of ventilation in the tank connection space, in the fuel preparation room, or in fuel supply ducts or double-walled pipes before master gas valve(s) shall activate an automatic shutdown of the tank master isolation valve.

LR 13.3-07 Loss of ventilation in fuel supply ducts or double-walled pipes after the master gas valve(s) shall activate an automatic shutdown of the master gas valve(s) required to isolate the unventilated fuel supply ducts or double pipes.

LR 13.3-08 All air intakes and other openings to accommodation, service spaces, control stations, machinery spaces, and other manned spaces shall be fitted with closing devices. It shall be possible to activate closing both manually from inside the space and automatically based on activation of gas detection in accordance Part A-1, 15.8 Gas Detection LR 15.8-04.

13.4 Tank connection space

LR 13.4.01 The ventilation shall be in accordance with the Rules and Regulations for the Classification of Ships using Gases or other Low-flashpoint Fuels, Part A-1, 13.4 Regulations for tank connection space.

13.5 Machinery spaces

LR 13.5.01 The ventilation shall be in accordance with the Rules and Regulations for the Classification of Ships using Gases or other Low-flashpoint Fuels, Part A-1, 13.5 Regulations for machinery spaces 13.5.1 to Part A-1, 13.5 Regulations for machinery spaces LR 13.5-01 inclusive.

13.6 Fuel preparation room

LR 13.6.01 The ventilation shall be in accordance with the Rules and Regulations for the Classification of Ships using Gases or other Low-flashpoint Fuels, Part A-1, 13.6 Regulations for fuel preparation room,together with the additional requirement(s) of this Section.

LR 13.6.02 The fuel preparation room shall be provided with both normal and emergency ventilation.

LR 13.6.03 The normal ventilation shall be in continuous operation during normal operation and have a ventilation rate of at least 30 air changes per hour.

LR 13.6.04 The emergency ventilation shall be activated in the event of ammonia detection within the space and have a ventilation rate sufficient to ensure the atmosphere within the space for the Reasonably Foreseeable Worst Case leakage scenario shall not present a significant health hazard. Where the emergency ventilation rate is calculated to be no greater than the normal ventilation rate, no emergency ventilation is required.

13.7 Bunkering station

LR 13.7-01 The ventilation shall be in accordance with the Rules and Regulations for the Classification of Ships using Gases or other Low-flashpoint Fuels, Part A-1, 13.7 Regulations for bunkering station, together with the additional requirement(s) of this Section.

LR 13.7-02 Enclosed and semi-enclosed bunkering stations shall be provided with both normal and emergency ventilation.

LR 13.7-03 The normal ventilation shall be in continuous operation during normal operation and have a ventilation rate of at least 30 air changes per hour.

LR 13.7-04 The emergency ventilation shall be activated in the event of ammonia detection within the space and have a ventilation rate sufficient to ensure the atmosphere within the space for the Reasonably Foreseeable Worst Case leakage scenario shall not present a significant health hazard. Where the emergency ventilation rate is calculated to be no greater than the normal ventilation rate, no emergency ventilation is required.

13.8 Ducts and double-walled pipes

LR 13.8-01 The ventilation shall be in accordance with the Rules and Regulations for the Classification of Ships using Gases or other Low-flashpoint Fuels, Part A-1, 13.8 Regulations for ducts and double pipes.

14.1 Goal

LR 14.1-01 The goal of this Chapter is to provide for electrical installations that minimize the risk of ignition in the presence of a flammable atmosphere.

14.2 Functional requirements

LR 14.2-01 This Chapter is related to functional requirements in 3.2.1, 3.2.2, 3.2.4, 3.2.7, 3.2.8, 3.2.11, 3.2.13 and 3.2.16 to 3.2.18. In particular the following applies:

• 1. Electrical generation and distribution systems, and associated control systems, shall be designed such that a single fault will not result in the loss of ability to maintain fuel tank pressures and hull structure temperature within normal operating limits.

14.3 General

LR 14.3-01 The general electrical installation requirements shall be in accordance with the Rules and Regulations for the Classification of Ships using Gases or other Low-flashpoint Fuels, Part A-1, 14.3 Regulations - General, together with the additional requirement(s) of this Section.

LR 14.3-02 Electrical equipment located in hazardous areas shall be suitable for ammonia atmospheres and at least meet the Temperature Class T1 and Equipment Group IIA.

15.1 Goal

LR 15.1-01 The goal of this Chapter is to provide for the arrangement of control, monitoring and safety systems that support an efficient and safe operation of the gas-fuelled installation as covered in the other Chapters of this Code.

15.2 Functional requirements

15.3 General

LR 15.3-01 The general control, monitoring and safety systems requirements shall be in accordance with the Rules and Regulations for the Classification of Ships using Gases or other Low-flashpoint Fuels, Part A-1, 15.3 Regulations – General, together with the additional requirement(s) of this Section.

LR 15.3-02 Control, alarm and safety systems requirements shall be in accordance with Table 1 Control, alarm safety systems.

LR 15.3-03 The system behaviour on failure and fault detection shall be defined by a Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) carried out in accordance with Pt 6, Ch 1, 2.14 Programmable electronic systems - Additional requirements for integrated systems, 2.14.5 of the Rules and Regulations for the Classification of Ships. Any messages describing actions required of the operator may be defined as part of the above process, see Pt.6, Ch.1, Sect. 2.3 Alarm systems, general requirements of the Rules and Regulations for the Classification of Ships.

15.4 Bunkering and liquefied gas fuel tank monitoring

LR 15.4-01 Bunkering and liquefied gas fuel tank monitoring shall be in accordance with the Rules and Regulations for the Classification of Ships using Gases or other Low-flashpoint Fuels, Part A-1,, 15.4 Regulations for bunkering and liquefied gas fuel tank monitoring.

15.5 Bunkering control

LR 15.5-01 Bunkering control shall be in accordance with the Rules and Regulations for the Classification of Ships using Gases or other Low-flashpoint Fuels, Part A-1, 15.5 Regulations for bunkering control.

15.6 Gas compressor monitoring

LR 15.6-01 Gas compressor monitoring shall be in accordance with the Rules and Regulations for the Classification of Ships using Gases or other Low-flashpoint Fuels, Part A-1, 15.6 Regulations for gas compressor monitoring.

15.7 Engine monitoring

LR 15.7-01 Engine monitoring shall be in accordance with the Rules and Regulations for the Classification of Ships using Gases or other Low-flashpoint Fuels, Part A-1, 15.7 Regulations for gas engine monitoring.

15.8 Gas detection

LR 15.8-01 Gas detection shall be in accordance with the Rules and Regulations for the Classification of Ships using Gases or other Low-flashpoint Fuels, Part A-1, 15.8 Regulations for gas detection 15.8.1 to Part A-1, 15.8 Regulations for gas detection 15.8.9 inclusive,together with the additional requirement(s) of this Section.

LR 15.8-02 All gas detection limits are to be in accordance with the requirements of, and to the satisfaction of, the Administration.

LR 15.8-03 At least three gas detectors shall be provided at each location and the total number of detectors in each location shall take into account the size, layout and ventilation of the space.

LR 15.8-05 The detectors shall be located where vapour may accumulate and taking into account credible points of leakage, specific gravity of the vapour, process pressure, ambient conditions, equipment arrangement, accumulation points and ventilation air flows. The location of detectors shall be determined in accordance with a dispersion modelling study.

LR 15.8-06 Each gas detector shall be capable of indicating an alarm condition.

LR 15.8-08 Arrangements are to allow gas detectors to be readily tested and calibrated in their mounted positions.

15.9 Fire detection

LR 15.9-01 Fire detection shall be in accordance with Rules and Regulations for the Classification of Ships using Gases or other Low-flashpoint Fuels, Part A-1, 15.9 Regulations for fire detection.

15.10 Ventilation and inerting

LR 15.10-01 Ventilation monitoring shall be in accordance with Rules and Regulations for the Classification of Ships using Gases or other Low-flashpoint Fuels, Part A-1, 15.10 Regulations for ventilation 15.10.1 to Part A-1, 15.10 Regulations for ventilation LR 15.10-01 inclusive, together with the additional requirement(s) of this Section.

LR 15.10-02 Failure of the ventilation system shall result in the following actions:

• 1. ventilation failure in the bunkering station shall result in a shutdown of the bunker ESD valves;
• 2. ventilation failure in the tank connection space shall result in a shutdown of the main tank valve;
• 3. ventilation failure in the fuel preparation room shall result in a shutdown of the main tank valve;
• 4. ventilation failure in a machinery space containing gas piping, gas equipment or gas consumers shall result in a shutdown of the master gas fuel valve associated with that machinery space; and,
• 5. all other systems and spaces required to be ventilated shall have a shutdown sequence agreed with LR.

LR 15.10-03 Where pipe ducting or equipment enclosures are protected by inert gas rather than ventilation (see Part A-1, 9.6 Regulations for fuel supply to consumers in gas-safe machinery spaces 9.6.1), then loss of inert gas overpressure shall lead to the same actions as given in Part A-1, 15.10 Regulations for ventilation 15.10.2.

15.11 Other essential equipment

LR 15.11-01 Control, alarm and safety systems associated with other essential equipment installed in order to ensure fuel released to atmosphere does not present a significant health hazard (e.g. water seals, scrubbers, etc.), shall be in accordance with the manufacturer recommendations and as identified in the risk assessment.

Table 1 Control, alarm and safety systems